Centre for the Ocean and the Arctic, Tromsø, Norway.
Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2020 Nov;4(11):1451-1458. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-1259-6. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
The rapidly evolving ocean economy, driven by human needs for food, energy, transportation and recreation, has led to unprecedented pressures on the ocean that are further amplified by climate change, loss of biodiversity and pollution. The need for better governance of human activities in the ocean space has been widely recognized for years, and is now also incorporated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Even so, many challenges relating to the implementation of existing governance frameworks exist. Here, we argue that integrated ocean management (IOM) should be the key overarching approach-building upon and connecting existing sectoral governance efforts-for achieving a sustainable ocean economy. IOM is a holistic, ecosystem-based and knowledge-based approach that aims to ensure the sustainability and resilience of marine ecosystems while integrating and balancing different ocean uses to optimize the overall ocean economy. We discuss examples of IOM in practice from areas where preconditions differ substantially, and identify six universal opportunities for action that can help achieve a sustainable ocean economy.
快速发展的海洋经济，满足了人类对食物、能源、交通和娱乐的需求，给海洋带来了前所未有的压力，而气候变化、生物多样性丧失和污染问题又进一步加剧了这种压力。多年来，人们已经广泛认识到需要更好地管理海洋空间中的人类活动，联合国可持续发展目标也已纳入这一需求。即便如此，在实施现有治理框架方面仍然存在许多挑战。在这里，我们认为，综合海洋管理（IOM）应该是关键的总体方法——在现有部门治理工作的基础上进行构建并加以连接——以实现可持续的海洋经济。IOM 是一种整体的、基于生态系统的和基于知识的方法，旨在确保海洋生态系统的可持续性和恢复力，同时整合和平衡不同的海洋用途，以优化整个海洋经济。我们讨论了来自不同地区的 IOM 的实践案例，这些地区的前提条件有很大的不同，并确定了实现可持续海洋经济的六个普遍行动机会。
