Nilsson Stefan, Holstensson Josefine, Johansson Cajsa, Thunberg Gunilla
Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Habilitation for Children and Adolescents, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2019 Jan-Feb;44:63-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.10.015. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
Many children experience anxiety during a hospital stay, which can have an adverse impact on their recovery and response to future hospital care. To facilitate assessment of anxiety in young children and children with communicative disabilities, the short S-STAI (short version of the State scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), has previously been adapted to a visual format. The aims of the present study were (a) to validate the pictures used to represent emotions and the steps of a quantitative scale ('a lot' - 'some' - 'a little'), including to determine whether any of them should be replaced, and (b) to assess different pictures to be used for a qualitative scale ('good/like' - 'in between/so-so' -'bad/dislike') in the same instrument. A total of 103 children aged 5-8 years were asked to choose verbal labels for pictures of facial expressions intended to represent emotions, match those pictures with the emotional categories used in the short S-STAI (Tense/Nervous, Worried/Afraid, Calm/Relaxed, and Happy/Content) and indicate their preferences for pictures intended to represent the steps of a quantitative scale and a qualitative one. The children understood both scales and the differences between positive and negative emotions in the short S-STAI. The older children (aged 7 and 8) significantly more often chose a picture for each step of the scales that was intended to represent that particular step. The article discusses implications for the choice of pictures representing emotional states in the short S-STAI and presents recommended pictures.
许多儿童在住院期间会感到焦虑，这可能会对他们的康复以及对未来住院治疗的反应产生不利影响。为便于评估年幼儿童和有沟通障碍儿童的焦虑情况，之前已将简短状态-特质焦虑问卷（State-Trait Anxiety Inventory）中的简短S-STAI（状态量表简版）改编为视觉形式。本研究的目的是：（a）验证用于表示情绪的图片以及定量量表（“很多”-“一些”-“一点”）的步骤，包括确定是否需要替换其中任何一项；（b）评估在同一工具中用于定性量表（“好/喜欢”-“一般/马马虎虎”-“坏/不喜欢”）的不同图片。总共103名5至8岁的儿童被要求为旨在表示情绪的面部表情图片选择文字标签，将这些图片与简短S-STAI中使用的情绪类别（紧张/焦虑、担忧/害怕、平静/放松、开心/满足）进行匹配，并表明他们对旨在表示定量量表和定性量表步骤的图片的偏好。孩子们理解了简短S-STAI中的两个量表以及积极情绪和消极情绪之间的差异。年龄较大的儿童（7岁和8岁）更常为量表的每个步骤选择旨在表示该特定步骤的图片。本文讨论了在简短S-STAI中选择表示情绪状态图片的意义，并给出了推荐图片。
