Transcription profiling of artemisinin-treated diabetic nephropathy rats using high-throughput sequencing.

Artemisinin (Art) plays a renoprotective role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. However, the differential gene expression profile and underlying molecular mechanism of Art treatment in DN is not well understood. We constructed an animal model of DN by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. We then examined the profile of differentially expressed genes following administration of Art using RNA-sequencing (KANGCH&EN, Shanghai, China). Five genes identified by RNA-sequencing were randomly selected and validated by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to study these differentially expressed genes. We identified a total of 31 genes that were significantly up-regulated in DN samples compared to both normal and Art treatment samples, and 38 genes that were significantly down-regulated in DN samples compared to both normal and Art treatment samples. The identified genes were associated with a list of gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and may be involved in the mechanism underlying Art treatment of DN. Thus, the results from the current study demonstrate that genes are aberrantly expressed after Art treatment and identify promising targets in the treatment of DN with artemisinin.