Department of Psychology, University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Prev Sci. 2019 Jul;20(5):800-809. doi: 10.1007/s11121-019-0986-x.
The current study tested and identified risk and protective pathways from alcohol expectancies to weekday and weekend consumption to problematic consequences. Adult alcohol users (N = 395) completed measures of alcohol expectancies, daily consumption habits during a typical week, and alcohol-related problems. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure of positive expectancy, negative expectancy, weekday drinking, weekend drinking, and alcohol problems. The structural equation model specifying general positive and negative expectancy to weekday and weekend use to alcohol problems exhibited satisfactory fit indices. Specifically, positive expectancy contributed to greater weekend drinking, but negative expectancy prompted greater weekday drinking. Furthermore, lower positive expectancy, higher negative expectancy, higher weekday drinking, and higher weekend drinking each uniquely explained greater alcohol problems. The structural equation model involving the seven specific expectancies to weekday and weekend use to alcohol problems produced high fit indices. Specifically, higher risk and aggression, higher self-perception, and lower cognitive and behavioral impairment expectancies uniquely predicted weekday drinking. In contrast, higher sociability, higher liquid courage, higher risk and aggression, and lower cognitive impairment expectancies explained weekend drinking. The predictive model premised on specific alcohol expectancies as distinct constructs exhibited higher fit indices and more nuanced insights regarding risk and protective pathways for prevention than the model involving general positive versus negative expectancy constructs. Findings underscore that different types of self-fulfilling alcohol expectancy beliefs distinctively explain weekday versus weekend intake and problems.
本研究通过测试和识别从酒精期望到工作日和周末饮酒再到问题性后果的风险和保护途径来检验假设。成年酒精使用者(N=395)完成了酒精期望、典型一周内的日常饮酒习惯以及与酒精相关的问题的测量。验证性因素分析支持了积极期望、消极期望、工作日饮酒、周末饮酒和酒精问题五个因素结构。指定一般积极和消极期望与工作日和周末使用与酒精问题的结构方程模型显示出令人满意的拟合指数。具体来说,积极期望导致更多的周末饮酒,但消极期望促使更多的工作日饮酒。此外,较低的积极期望、较高的消极期望、较高的工作日饮酒和较高的周末饮酒都能独特地解释更大的酒精问题。涉及工作日和周末使用特定期望来解决酒精问题的结构方程模型产生了较高的拟合指数。具体来说,更高的风险和攻击性、更高的自我认知以及更低的认知和行为障碍期望可预测工作日饮酒。相比之下,更高的社交能力、更高的液体勇气、更高的风险和攻击性以及更低的认知障碍期望可以解释周末饮酒。基于特定酒精期望作为不同结构的预测模型比涉及一般积极与消极期望结构的模型具有更高的拟合指数和更细致入微的关于预防的风险和保护途径的见解。研究结果强调了不同类型的自我实现的酒精期望信念可以独特地解释工作日与周末的摄入和问题。