酒精期望可预测长期的饮酒行为，以及缓解、自我膨胀和过度的酒精近视效应。
Alcohol expectancies longitudinally predict drinking and the alcohol myopia effects of relief, self-inflation, and excess.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA.
出版信息
Addict Behav. 2018 Feb;77:172-179. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.006. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
INTRODUCTION
Alcohol myopia theory posits that alcohol consumption attenuates information processing capacity, and that expectancy beliefs together with intake level are responsible for experiences in myopic effects (relief, self-inflation, and excess).
METHODS
Adults (N=413) averaging 36.39 (SD=13.02) years of age completed the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol questionnaire at baseline, followed by alcohol use measures (frequency and quantity) and the Alcohol Myopia Scale one month later. Three structural equation models based on differing construct manifestations of alcohol expectancies served to longitudinally forecast alcohol use and myopia.
RESULTS
In Model 1, overall expectancy predicted greater alcohol use and higher levels of all three myopic effects. In Model 2, specifying separate positive and negative expectancy factors, positive but not negative expectancy predicted greater use. Furthermore, positive expectancy and use explained higher myopic relief and higher self-inflation, whereas positive expectancy, negative expectancy, and use explained higher myopic excess. In Model 3, the seven specific expectancy subscales (sociability, tension reduction, liquid courage, sexuality, cognitive and behavioral impairment, risk and aggression, and self-perception) were simultaneously specified as predictors. Tension reduction expectancy, sexuality expectancy, and use contributed to higher myopic relief; sexuality expectancy and use explained higher myopic self-inflation; and risk and aggression expectancy and use accounted for higher myopic excess. Across all three predictive models, the total variance explained ranged from 12 to 19% for alcohol use, 50 to 51% for relief, 29 to 34% for self-inflation, and 32 to 35% for excess.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings support that the type of alcohol myopia experienced is a concurrent function of self-fulfilling alcohol prophecies and drinking levels. The interpreted measurement manifestation of expectancy yielded different prevention implications.
简介
酒精近视理论认为，酒精消费会削弱信息处理能力，而期望信念以及摄入量水平共同导致了近视效应（缓解、自我膨胀和过度）的体验。
方法
年龄在 36.39 岁（SD=13.02）的成年人（N=413）在基线时完成了综合酒精效应问卷，随后在一个月后完成了酒精使用频率和数量的测量以及酒精近视量表。三个基于不同的酒精期望结构表现的结构方程模型用于纵向预测酒精使用和近视。
结果
在模型 1 中，总体期望预测了更高的酒精使用量和更高的三种近视效应水平。在模型 2 中，指定了单独的积极和消极期望因素，积极期望而不是消极期望预测了更高的使用量。此外，积极期望和使用解释了更高的近视缓解和更高的自我膨胀，而积极期望、消极期望和使用解释了更高的近视过度。在模型 3 中，七个特定的期望子量表（社交性、紧张缓解、液体勇气、性、认知和行为障碍、风险和攻击以及自我知觉）被同时指定为预测因子。紧张缓解期望、性期望和使用量有助于更高的近视缓解；性期望和使用量解释了更高的近视自我膨胀；风险和攻击期望和使用量解释了更高的近视过度。在所有三个预测模型中，酒精使用量的总方差解释率为 12%至 19%，缓解的方差解释率为 50%至 51%，自我膨胀的方差解释率为 29%至 34%，过度的方差解释率为 32%至 35%。
结论
研究结果支持了所经历的酒精近视类型是自我实现的酒精预言和饮酒水平的共同作用。期望的解释性测量表现产生了不同的预防影响。
Zotero 插件