Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, 850 Route de la Mer, Sainte-Flavie, QC G0J 2L0, Canada.
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2019 Feb;139:74-90. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.062. Epub 2018 Dec 21.
Mid-ocean ballast water exchange (BWE) is recommended for international vessels to minimize the transfer of nonindigenous species (NIS). When this cannot be accomplished due to safety concerns, alternate ballast water exchange zones (ABWEZ) may be used. A coupled-ice-ocean model with meteorological forcing and particle tracking was used to evaluate the relative risks from BWE along primary shipping routes into Canada's eastern Arctic. Relative risk to receiving habitats from BWE was calculated from the product of likelihood of exposure, likelihood of establishment, and habitat sensitivity to potential NIS. Modelling results indicate that existing ABWEZs in and around Lancaster Sound and Hudson Strait are among the areas of highest relative risk for introductions of NIS via ballast water. The deeper offshore regions of Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay should be considered as alternatives. However, further research is recommended to assess the risks of NIS associated with BWE in the Canadian Arctic.
公海压载水交换（BWE）被推荐用于国际船只，以最大程度减少非本地物种（NIS）的转移。由于安全问题无法完成时，可以使用替代压载水交换区（ABWEZ）。利用耦合冰-海洋模型和气象强迫以及颗粒跟踪，评估了进入加拿大东部北极的主要航运路线上 BWE 的相对风险。通过暴露可能性、建立可能性和潜在 NIS 对栖息地的敏感性的乘积，计算了 BWE 对接收栖息地的相对风险。模型结果表明，兰开斯特海峡和哈德逊海峡内外现有的 ABWEZ 是通过压载水引入 NIS 的相对风险最高的地区之一。拉布拉多海和巴芬湾较深的近海区域应被视为替代地区。然而，建议进行进一步研究，以评估与加拿大北极的 BWE 相关的 NIS 风险。
