中国新疆铜镍矿工职业压力状况及其对生活质量的影响。
The Status of Occupational Stress and Its Influence the Quality of Life of Copper-Nickel Miners in Xinjiang, China.
机构信息
XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 27;16(3):353. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030353.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of occupational stress and its influence on the quality of life of copper-nickel miners, in order to provide a theoretical basis for alleviating occupational stress to improve their quality of life. Stratified cluster sampling and a self-administered questionnaire survey were used. The Effort⁻Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire and the SF-36 (36-Item Short Form) health survey scale were administered to all 2000 miners registered with a copper-nickel mining human resources department and who had been on duty for more than one year. In total, 1857 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 92.85%. The percentage of the copper-nickel miners suffering from occupational stress was 42.65%. A statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the prevalence of occupational stress among miners of different genders, ages, education levels, and operating units. The occupational stress detection rate was higher for males than females. Miners aged between 30 and 34 years exhibited the highest level of occupational stress compared to other age groups. Those with a junior college education exhibited the highest rate of occupational stress compared to those with other levels of education. Those working in the smelting unit exhibited the highest rate of occupational stress compared to those working in other operational units. Those classified as experiencing stress (an ERI score >1) had lower quality of life scores than miners classified as not experiencing stress (an ERI score ≤1). The results show that level of education, monthly income, and degree of occupational stress affect quality of life among copper-nickel miners. It was found that older age, lower income, higher education level, and higher degree of occupational stress were factors related to poorer quality of life. Copper-nickel miners have high levels of occupational stress, and occupational stress is a risk factor that can diminish quality of life.
本研究旨在调查铜镍矿工职业压力现状及其对生活质量的影响，以期为缓解职业压力、提高生活质量提供理论依据。采用分层整群抽样和自填式问卷调查法，对某铜镍矿人力资源部登记在册、工龄 1 年以上的 2000 名矿工进行调查，共发放问卷 2000 份，回收有效问卷 1857 份，有效回收率为 92.85%。铜镍矿工职业压力检出率为 42.65%。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、作业单位的矿工职业压力检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。男性矿工职业压力检出率高于女性；30~34 岁矿工职业压力检出率最高；初中及以下文化程度矿工职业压力检出率最高；冶炼作业单位矿工职业压力检出率最高。职业压力体验者（ERI 得分>1）的生活质量各维度得分均低于无职业压力体验者（ERI 得分≤1）。结果表明，文化程度、月收入、职业压力程度是影响铜镍矿工生活质量的因素，年龄较大、月收入较低、文化程度较高、职业压力较大是生活质量较差的相关因素。铜镍矿工职业压力较大，职业压力是降低生活质量的危险因素。
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