Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, China.
Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul 6;21(1):1327. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11379-3.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), a common type of occupational diseases, have become the main cause of absenteeism and early retirement in the occupational population, as well as a major risk factor for occupational disability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational stress and mental health on MSDs in coal miners in Xinjiang, China, to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of MSDs in coal miners and improving their physical and mental health.
In this study, stratified cluster random sampling was used to randomly select six coal mining companies in Xinjiang, and 1675 coal miners were surveyed by questionnaire. The status of occupational stress, mental health and MSDs among coal miners was investigated by means of the Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI), Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90), and Musculoskeletal disorders scale (MSDs) questionnaire.
The prevalence of MSDs among coal miners was higher, and there were statistical differences among different sexes, ages, working years, shifts, types of work, educational level and monthly income (P < 0.001). The prevalence of MSDs in different body parts in the occupational stress group and mental disorder group was higher than that in the normal group. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females had an increased risk of developing MSDs (OR = 2.23, 95% CI.:1.50,3.33). The risk of MSDs was higher with age < 30 years (30-39 years,OR = 2.39, 95% CI.,1.68,3.40; 40-49 years,OR = 2.15, 95% CI.:1.52,3.04; 50-60 years:OR = 3.25, 95% CI.:2.09,5.07), and the longer the working years, the higher the risk of MSDs (OR = 1.90, 95% CI.:1.38,2.62). The two shifts group (OR = 2.18, 95% CI.:1.59,2.98) had an increased risk of developing MSDs compared with the fixed day shift group. The risk of MSDs was lower in heading drivers (OR = 0.41, 95% CI.:0.29,0.60,) and transport workers (OR = 0.30, 95% CI.:0.20,0.43). The higher the education level, the lower the risk of MSDs (high school: OR = 0.46, 95% CI.:0.34,0.62, junior college and above: OR = 0.12, 95% CI.:0.08,0.17), and the higher the monthly income, the lower the risk of MSDs (OR = 0.50, 95% CI.:0.34,0.74). Occupational stress (OR = 1.32, 95% CI.:1.05,1.67) and mental disorder(OR = 2.94, 95% CI.:2.25,3.84) increased the risk of MSDs. A Bayesian network diagram showed that occupational stress and MSDs have direct effects on mental disorders, and occupational stress can have indirect effects on mental disorders through MSDs.
Our research shows that MSDs are common among coal miners. Occupational stress and psychological disorders can increase the incidence of MSDs.
肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）是一种常见的职业病，已成为职业人群缺勤和提前退休的主要原因，也是职业残疾的主要危险因素。本研究旨在探讨职业压力和心理健康对新疆煤矿工人 MSD 的影响，为降低煤矿工人 MSD 的发病率和改善他们的身心健康提供理论依据。
本研究采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取新疆的 6 家煤矿企业，采用问卷调查的方式对 1675 名煤矿工人进行调查。采用努力-回报失衡问卷（ERI）、症状清单-90（SCL-90）和肌肉骨骼疾病量表（MSDs）问卷调查煤矿工人的职业压力、心理健康和 MSD 状况。
煤矿工人 MSD 的患病率较高，不同性别、年龄、工龄、班次、工种、文化程度和月收入之间存在统计学差异（P<0.001）。职业压力组和精神障碍组不同身体部位的 MSD 患病率高于正常组。多因素逻辑回归分析结果显示，女性发生 MSD 的风险增加（OR=2.23，95%CI：1.50，3.33）。30 岁以下（30-39 岁，OR=2.39，95%CI：1.68，3.40；40-49 岁，OR=2.15，95%CI：1.52，3.04；50-60 岁，OR=3.25，95%CI：2.09，5.07）、工龄较长（OR=1.90，95%CI：1.38，2.62）、两班倒组（OR=2.18，95%CI：1.59，2.98）发生 MSD 的风险增加。与固定日班组相比，掘进司机（OR=0.41，95%CI：0.29，0.60）和运输工人（OR=0.30，95%CI：0.20，0.43）发生 MSD 的风险降低。文化程度越高，MSD 的风险越低（高中：OR=0.46，95%CI：0.34，0.62，大专及以上：OR=0.12，95%CI：0.08，0.17），月收入越高，MSD 的风险越低（OR=0.50，95%CI：0.34，0.74）。职业压力（OR=1.32，95%CI：1.05，1.67）和精神障碍（OR=2.94，95%CI：2.25，3.84）增加了 MSD 的风险。贝叶斯网络图显示，职业压力和 MSD 对精神障碍有直接影响，职业压力可通过 MSD 对精神障碍产生间接影响。
我们的研究表明，煤矿工人 MSD 较为常见。职业压力和心理障碍会增加 MSD 的发病率。
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