Joseph Diya B, Strand Douglas W, Vezina Chad M
Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2018 Dec 20;6(6):197-218. eCollection 2018.
Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation are critical regulators of organismal development and tissue homeostasis. DNA methylation is the transfer of methyl groups to cytosines, which adds an additional layer of complexity to the genome. DNA methylation marks are recognized by the cellular machinery to regulate transcription. Disruption of DNA methylation with aging or exposure to environmental toxins can change susceptibility to disease or trigger processes that lead to disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the DNA methylation machinery. More specifically, we describe DNA methylation in the context of prostate development, prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as well as the impact of dietary and environmental factors on DNA methylation in the prostate.
包括DNA甲基化在内的表观遗传机制是机体发育和组织稳态的关键调节因子。DNA甲基化是甲基基团转移至胞嘧啶的过程，这为基因组增添了一层额外的复杂性。DNA甲基化标记可被细胞机制识别以调控转录。随着年龄增长或暴露于环境毒素而导致的DNA甲基化破坏，会改变疾病易感性或引发导致疾病的过程。在本综述中，我们概述了DNA甲基化机制。更具体地说，我们描述了前列腺发育、前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生（BPH）背景下的DNA甲基化，以及饮食和环境因素对前列腺DNA甲基化的影响。
