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本文引用的文献

1
Insurance switching and mismatch between the costs and benefits of new technologies.保险转换与新技术成本和效益不匹配。
Am J Manag Care. 2017 Dec;23(12):750-757.

AMCP 合作论坛:为创新性高投入药物设计获益和支付模式。

AMCP Partnership Forum: Designing Benefits and Payment Models for Innovative High-Investment Medications.

出版信息

J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2019 Feb;25(2):156-162. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.2.156.

DOI:10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.2.156
PMID:30698091
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10398056/
Abstract

High-investment medications, such as gene therapy and innovative specialty medications, offer breakthrough treatments that can greatly improve outcomes to patients with serious health conditions. However, many of these therapies are associated with significant costs that create barriers to patient access and affordability. Such innovative treatments have higher short-term costs, compared with current standards of care, but are anticipated to deliver substantial benefits that may persist over a long period of time, such as reduced mortality, improved health and quality of life, reduced health care costs, improved productivity, and reduced disability. The effect of these changes on patterns of treatment costs can vary significantly over time across payers. For example, the initial payer who covers a one-time treatment invests more resources than a payer that covers a cured enrollee later in life. Thus, high-investment medications raise questions about how costs are managed and distributed across systems and payers, including patients. As more high-investment medications are approved, some stakeholders are concerned that the current system for managing these medications will become unsustainable. It is clear that innovative and novel strategies are needed to support patient access to these new treatments, while addressing concerns about sustainability of the health care system in the United States. To explore new benefit designs and payment models for high-investment medications, the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy convened a stakeholder forum on July 24-25, 2018. Health care leaders representing academia, health plans, integrated delivery systems, pharmacy benefit managers, employers, national professional associations, the federal government, and biopharmaceutical companies participated in the forum. During the forum, participants engaged in thoughtful discussions regarding challenges and opportunities associated with innovative strategies for providing coverage for high-investment medications. The goals of the forum were as follows: (a) gain insights based on participants' unique perspectives on how the managed care ecosystem views high-investment medications for chronic versus curative diseases; (b) develop new solutions for benefit designs and overall value assessment for high-investment medications; (c) identify nontraditional contracting methods and reimbursement models to address high-investment medication challenges; (d) learn how to work with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and state Medicaid officials to garner support and coverage of these medications; (e) determine whether any legal or regulatory barriers exist for new types of benefit designs and look for opportunities to address those barriers; and (f) develop best case solutions of high-investment medications in order to overcome potential challenges and achieve sustainable appropriate use. DISCLOSURES: The AMCP Partnership Forum and the development of the proceedings document were supported by Abbvie, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Gilead, the National Pharmaceutical Council, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, Takeda, and Xcenda/AmerisourceBergen.

摘要

高投资药物,如基因疗法和创新的专科药物,提供了突破性的治疗方法,可以极大地改善严重健康状况患者的治疗效果。然而,这些疗法中的许多都伴随着高昂的费用,这给患者的可及性和可负担性带来了障碍。与当前的护理标准相比,这些创新疗法的短期成本较高,但预计会带来长期的实质性益处,例如降低死亡率、改善健康和生活质量、降低医疗保健成本、提高生产力和减少残疾。随着时间的推移,这些变化对支付者之间的治疗成本模式的影响可能会有很大差异。例如,支付一次性治疗费用的初始支付者比支付以后生活中治愈的受保人的支付者投入更多的资源。因此,高投资药物引发了人们对如何在系统和支付者(包括患者)之间管理和分配成本的质疑。随着越来越多的高投资药物获得批准,一些利益相关者担心,目前管理这些药物的系统将变得不可持续。显然,需要创新和新颖的策略来支持患者获得这些新的治疗方法,同时解决对美国医疗保健系统可持续性的担忧。为了探索高投资药物的新的效益设计和支付模式,管理式医疗药剂师学会于 2018 年 7 月 24 日至 25 日召开了一次利益相关者论坛。代表学术界、医疗计划、综合交付系统、药品福利管理公司、雇主、国家专业协会、联邦政府和生物制药公司的医疗保健领导人参加了论坛。在论坛期间,与会者就为高投资药物提供覆盖范围的创新策略所带来的挑战和机遇进行了深思熟虑的讨论。论坛的目标如下:(a)根据参与者在管理式医疗生态系统对慢性和治愈性疾病的高投资药物的独特看法,获得见解;(b)为高投资药物的效益设计和整体价值评估制定新的解决方案;(c)确定非传统的合同方法和报销模式,以解决高投资药物的挑战;(d)了解如何与医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心及州医疗补助官员合作,以获得这些药物的支持和覆盖;(e)确定是否存在新的效益设计的法律或监管障碍,并寻找解决这些障碍的机会;(f)制定高投资药物的最佳解决方案,以克服潜在挑战并实现可持续的合理使用。披露:AMCP 合作论坛和会议文件的编写得到了 Abbvie、Alnylam Pharmaceuticals、Amgen、AstraZeneca、Celgene、Gilead、国家制药理事会、美国制药研究和制造商协会、武田制药和 Xcenda/AmerisourceBergen 的支持。