School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Warwick, United Kingdom.
Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2019 Jan 30;9(1):976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37086-5.
After domestication in the Near East around 10,000 years ago several founder crops, flax included, spread to European latitudes. On reaching northerly latitudes the architecture of domesticated flax became more suitable to fiber production over oil, with longer stems, smaller seeds and fewer axillary branches. Latitudinal adaptations in crops typically result in changes in flowering time, often involving the PEBP family of genes that also have the potential to influence plant architecture. Two PEBP family genes in the flax genome, LuTFL1 and LuTFL2, vary in wild and cultivated flax over latitudinal range with cultivated flax receiving LuTFL1 alleles from northerly wild flax populations. Compared to a background of population structure of flaxes over latitude, the LuTFL1 alleles display a level of differentiation that is consistent with selection for an allele III in the north. We demonstrate through heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana that LuTFL1 is a functional homolog of TFL1 in A. thaliana capable of changing both flowering time and plant architecture. We conclude that specialized fiber flax types could have formed as a consequence of a natural adaptation of cultivated flax to higher latitudes.
在大约一万年前的近东地区驯化后，几种主要作物包括亚麻在内，传播到了欧洲的纬度地区。到达北纬地区后，驯化亚麻的结构变得更适合纤维生产而不是产油，其茎更长、种子更小、侧枝更少。作物的纬度适应性通常会导致开花时间的变化，这通常涉及到 PEBP 家族基因，这些基因也有可能影响植物结构。在亚麻基因组中，有两个 PEBP 家族基因 LuTFL1 和 LuTFL2，在野生和栽培亚麻中随着纬度范围而变化，栽培亚麻从北方野生亚麻群体中获得 LuTFL1 等位基因。与纬度上的亚麻种群结构背景相比，LuTFL1 等位基因显示出与北方等位基因 III 选择一致的分化水平。我们通过在拟南芥中的异源表达证明，LuTFL1 是拟南芥中 TFL1 的功能同源物，能够改变开花时间和植物结构。我们得出结论，特种纤维亚麻类型可能是由于栽培亚麻对高纬度地区的自然适应而形成的。
