Allaby Robin G, Kitchen James L, Fuller Dorian Q
School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK.
Evol Bioinform Online. 2016 Apr 5;11(Suppl 2):41-51. doi: 10.4137/EBO.S33495. eCollection 2015.
Current debate concerns the pace at which domesticated plants emerged from cultivated wild populations and how many genes were involved. Using an individual-based model, based on the assumptions of Haldane and Maynard Smith, respectively, we estimate that a surprisingly low number of 50-100 loci are the most that could be under selection in a cultivation regime at the selection strengths observed in the archaeological record. This finding is robust to attempts to rescue populations from extinction through selection from high standing genetic variation, gene flow, and the Maynard Smith-based model of threshold selection. Selective sweeps come at a cost, reducing the capacity of plants to adapt to new environments, which may contribute to the explanation of why selective sweeps have not been detected more frequently and why expansion of the agrarian package during the Neolithic was so frequently associated with collapse.
当前的争论涉及驯化植物从野生栽培种群中出现的速度以及涉及多少基因。我们分别基于霍尔丹和梅纳德·史密斯的假设，使用个体模型估计，在考古记录中观察到的选择强度下，在栽培体系中最多只有50 - 100个位点可能处于选择之下，这一数量低得出奇。这一发现对于通过从高留存遗传变异中进行选择、基因流动以及基于梅纳德·史密斯的阈值选择模型来拯救种群免于灭绝的尝试具有稳健性。选择性清除是有代价的，它会降低植物适应新环境的能力，这或许有助于解释为何选择性清除未被更频繁地检测到，以及为何新石器时代农业组合的扩张如此频繁地与崩溃相关联。
