Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Nutrition. 2019 May;61:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.002. Epub 2018 Nov 24.
The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between seafood and intake of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3 PUFA) and cognitive function and to explore the possible effect modifications owing to mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) levels.
Participants (N = 3231) from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study underwent baseline examination and were reexamined in eight follow-up visits. Diet was assessed at baseline and in exam years 7 and 20. Toenail Hg and Se were measured at exam year 2. Cognitive function was measured at exam year 25 using three tests: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Stroop test. The general linear regression model was used to examine cumulative average intakes of LCω-3 PUFA and seafood in relation to the cognitive test scores; and to explore the possible effect modifications caused by Hg and Se.
LCω-3 PUFA intake was significantly associated with better performance in the DSST test (quintile 5 versus quintile 1; mean difference = 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-3.29; P, 0.048]), but not in the RAVLT and Stroop tests. Similar results were observed for intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and non-fried seafood. The observed associations were more pronounced in participants with body mass index ≥25 kg/m, but not significantly modified by toenail Hg or Se.
This longitudinal study supported the hypothesis that LCω-3 PUFA or non-fried seafood intake is associated with better cognitive performance in psychomotor speed among US adults, especially those who are overweight or obese.
本研究旨在探讨长期食用海鲜和长链 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（LCω-3 PUFA）与认知功能之间的纵向关联，并探索汞（Hg）和硒（Se）水平可能产生的影响修饰作用。
来自 CARDIA（年轻人冠状动脉风险发展）研究的参与者（N=3231）接受了基线检查，并在 8 次随访检查中接受了重新检查。在基线和检查年 7 年和 20 年评估饮食。在检查年 2 年测量趾甲 Hg 和 Se。在检查年 25 年使用三个测试来衡量认知功能：Rey 听觉言语学习测试（RAVLT），数字符号替代测试（DSST）和 Stroop 测试。使用一般线性回归模型来检查 LCω-3 PUFA 和海鲜的累积平均摄入量与认知测试分数之间的关系；并探索 Hg 和 Se 可能造成的影响修饰作用。
LCω-3 PUFA 的摄入量与 DSST 测试的表现呈显著正相关（五分位数 5 与五分位数 1 相比；平均差异=1.74；95%置信区间，0.19-3.29；P<0.048]），但与 RAVLT 和 Stroop 测试无关。同样的结果也适用于二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和非油炸海鲜的摄入量。在 BMI≥25kg/m 的参与者中，观察到的相关性更为明显，但未被趾甲 Hg 或 Se 显著修饰。
这项纵向研究支持了这样一种假设，即 LCω-3 PUFA 或非油炸海鲜的摄入与美国成年人的精神运动速度认知表现有关，尤其是那些超重或肥胖的成年人。
