Syriopoulou V, Scheifele D, Smith A L, Perry P M, Howie V
J Pediatr. 1978 Jun;92(6):889-92. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80354-0.
The incidence of ampicillin resistance in Hemophilus influenzae and its medical significance have not been extensively determined. During 1975-1977, we tested for ampicillin resistance 489 consecutive middle-ear isolates of HI obtained from children in Huntsville, Alabama, and 719 consecutive laboratory isolates of HI from Children's Hospital, Boston. The annual incidence of Amp resistance rose progressively in each survey, from initial values of 1.4 to 5.3% in 1975, to 14 to 16% in 1977 (P less than 0.05), a mean annual rate of increase approximately twofold. Resistance was equally prevalent among type b and non-b isolates and among nasally carried and disease-associated isolates (from blood, CSF, middle ears). Patients harboring AmpR isolates were much more likely to have had recent exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics (P less than 0.01).
流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药发生率及其医学意义尚未得到广泛测定。1975年至1977年期间，我们对从阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔市儿童中获得的489株连续中耳分离流感嗜血杆菌（HI）以及从波士顿儿童医院获得的719株连续实验室分离HI进行了氨苄西林耐药性检测。在每次调查中，氨苄西林耐药的年发生率都在逐步上升，从1975年的初始值1.4%至5.3%，升至1977年的14%至16%（P小于0.05），平均年增长率约为两倍。耐药在b型和非b型分离株之间以及鼻腔携带和疾病相关分离株（来自血液、脑脊液、中耳）之间同样普遍。携带氨苄西林耐药分离株的患者近期接触β-内酰胺类抗生素的可能性要大得多（P小于0.01）。
