Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Traffic. 2019 Apr;20(4):295-300. doi: 10.1111/tra.12636. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
In contrast to clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) which is well characterized and understood, little is known about the regulation and machinery underlying clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE). There is also a wide variation in the requirements each individual CIE cargo has for its internalization. Recent studies have shown that CIE is affected by glycosylation and glycan interactions. We briefly review these studies and explore how these studies mesh with one another. We then discuss what this sensitivity to glycan interactions could indicate for the regulation of CIE. We address the spectrum of responses CIE has been shown to have with respect to changes in glycan interactions and attempt to reconcile disparate observations onto a shared conceptual landscape. We focus on the mechanisms by which cells can alter the glycan interactions at the plasma membrane and propose that glycosylation and glycan interactions could provide cells with a tool box with which cells can manipulate CIE. Altered glycosylation is often associated with a number of diseases and we discuss how under different disease settings, glycosylation-based modulation of CIE could play a role in disease progression.
与已被充分描述和理解的网格蛋白介导的胞吞作用（CME）相反，人们对网格蛋白非依赖的胞吞作用（CIE）的调控和机制知之甚少。每个 CIE 货物对其内化的要求也存在很大差异。最近的研究表明，CIE 受到糖基化和聚糖相互作用的影响。我们简要回顾了这些研究，并探讨了这些研究如何相互契合。然后，我们讨论了这种对聚糖相互作用的敏感性对 CIE 调控的意义。我们讨论了 CIE 对糖基化相互作用变化所表现出的一系列反应，并试图将不同的观察结果纳入一个共同的概念框架。我们专注于细胞改变质膜上糖基化相互作用的机制，并提出糖基化和聚糖相互作用可以为细胞提供一个工具箱，使细胞能够操纵 CIE。糖基化的改变通常与许多疾病有关，我们讨论了在不同的疾病情况下，基于糖基化的 CIE 调节如何在疾病进展中发挥作用。
