Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague, 5, Czech Republic.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2019 Apr;1871(2):248-258. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
So far multiple differences in prostate cancer-specific amino acids metabolism have been discovered. Moreover, attempts to utilize these alterations for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment have been made. The prostate cancer metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids are particularly focused on anaplerosis more than on energy production. Other crucial requirements on amino acids pool come from the serine, one‑carbon cycle, glycine synthesis pathway and folate metabolism forming major sources of interproducts for synthesis of nucleobases necessary for rapidly proliferating cells. Considering the lack of some amino acids biosynthetic pathways and/or their extraordinary importance for prostate cancer cells, there is a widespread potential for targeted therapeutic applications with no effect on non-malignant cells. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge of the importance of amino acids for prostate cancer pathogenesis with a special emphasis on potential applications of metabolic variabilities in the new oncologic paradigm of precision medicine.
到目前为止，已经发现了前列腺癌特异性氨基酸代谢的多种差异。此外，人们还试图利用这些变化来进行前列腺癌的诊断和治疗。前列腺癌的氨基酸代谢和生物合成特别侧重于补料作用，而不是能量产生。氨基酸池的其他关键需求来自丝氨酸、一碳循环、甘氨酸合成途径和叶酸代谢，这些途径形成了合成用于快速增殖细胞的核碱基所需的中间产物的主要来源。考虑到一些氨基酸生物合成途径的缺乏和/或它们对前列腺癌细胞的非凡重要性，存在广泛的靶向治疗应用的潜力，对非恶性细胞没有影响。本综述总结了氨基酸在前列腺癌发病机制中的重要性的最新知识，特别强调了代谢变异性在精准医学新肿瘤学范例中的潜在应用。
