Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106.
J Biol Chem. 2019 Feb 1;294(5):1710-1720. doi: 10.1074/jbc.TM118.004166.
Herbert "Herb" Tabor, who celebrated his 100 birthday this past year, served the as a member of the Editorial Board beginning in 1961, as an Associate Editor, and as Editor-in-Chief for 40 years, from 1971 until 2010. Among the many discoveries in biological chemistry during this period was the identification of RNA modification by C6 deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNA. This posttranscriptional RNA modification by adenosine deamination, known as A-to-I RNA editing, diversifies the transcriptome and modulates the innate immune interferon response. A-to-I editing is catalyzed by a family of enzymes, adenosine deaminases acting on dsRNA (ADARs). The roles of A-to-I editing are varied and include effects on mRNA translation, pre-mRNA splicing, and micro-RNA silencing. Suppression of dsRNA-triggered induction and action of interferon, the cornerstone of innate immunity, has emerged as a key function of ADAR1 editing of self (cellular) and nonself (viral) dsRNAs. A-to-I modification of RNA is essential for the normal regulation of cellular processes. Dysregulation of A-to-I editing by ADAR1 can have profound consequences, ranging from effects on cell growth and development to autoimmune disorders.
赫伯特·“赫布”·塔博尔（Herbert "Herb" Tabor）在过去的一年里庆祝了他的 100 岁生日，他于 1961 年开始担任《美国生理学杂志》编辑委员会成员，担任副编辑，并在 2010 年担任总编辑 40 年。在这期间的生物化学众多发现中，包括在双链 RNA（dsRNA）中通过 C6 脱氨作用使腺苷（A）修饰为肌苷（I）的鉴定。这种由腺苷脱氨酶介导的转录后 RNA 修饰，称为 A 到 I RNA 编辑，使转录组多样化并调节先天免疫干扰素反应。A 到 I 编辑由一系列酶，即双链 RNA 作用的腺苷脱氨酶（ADARs）催化。A 到 I 编辑的作用多种多样，包括对 mRNA 翻译、前体 mRNA 剪接和 micro-RNA 沉默的影响。抑制双链 RNA 触发的干扰素诱导和作用，这是先天免疫的基石，已成为 ADAR1 编辑自身（细胞）和非自身（病毒）dsRNA 的关键功能。RNA 的 A 到 I 修饰对于细胞过程的正常调节至关重要。ADAR1 对 A 到 I 编辑的失调可能会产生深远的影响，从对细胞生长和发育的影响到自身免疫疾病。
