Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
Cytokine. 2019 Apr;116:128-133. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.003. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis with a complex pathogenesis including environmental factors, genetic background and immune system actions. Despite the large-scale research and discovery of new subpopulations of lymphocytes, cytokines, chemokines and their functions in the human body, the ethiology of ATD in many aspects remains a mystery. This article tries to summarize mostly the immunological aspects of this disease, including the roles of different cells types (dendritic cells, B cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, NK cells and regulatory T cells) and of different cytokines (secreted by Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22 lymphocyte subpopulations and other, including the IL-23 and CXCL10). We describe the role of immunological abnormalities in the ATD pathogenesis and show that for some cells and cytokines their respective roles are not clear, and bi-directional action is possible. Finally, we propose a network of interactions between the immune cells and thyrocytes in the course of ATD.
自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（ATD）是一种慢性自身免疫性甲状腺炎，其发病机制复杂，包括环境因素、遗传背景和免疫系统的作用。尽管对淋巴细胞、细胞因子、趋化因子及其在人体中的功能的新亚群进行了大规模的研究和发现，但 ATD 在许多方面的病因仍然是个谜。本文试图主要总结该疾病的免疫学方面，包括不同细胞类型（树突状细胞、B 细胞、CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞、NK 细胞和调节性 T 细胞）和不同细胞因子（Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22 淋巴细胞亚群和其他细胞因子分泌，包括 IL-23 和 CXCL10）的作用。我们描述了免疫异常在 ATD 发病机制中的作用，并表明对于一些细胞和细胞因子，其各自的作用尚不清楚，可能存在双向作用。最后，我们提出了在 ATD 过程中免疫细胞与甲状腺细胞之间相互作用的网络。
