Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil.
Laboratory of Molecular Iron metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
J Physiol Biochem. 2019 Feb;75(1):101-108. doi: 10.1007/s13105-019-00663-x. Epub 2019 Feb 2.
With aging, there is a reduction in mitochondrial activity, and several changes occur in the body composition, including increased adiposity. The dysfunction of mitochondrial activity causes changes and adaptations in tissue catabolic characteristics. Among them, we can mention brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT's main function is lipid oxidation for heat production, hence playing a role in adaptive thermogenesis induced by environmental factors such as exercise. It is known that exercise causes a series of metabolic changes, including loss body fat; however, there is still no consensus in the academic community about whether both strength and aerobic exercise equally reduces adiposity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of strength training and aerobic exercise regimes on adiposity, proteins regulating mitochondrial activity, and respiratory complexes in BAT of old rats. The rats were divided in two control groups: young control (YC; N = 5), and old control (OC; N = 5), and two exercise groups: strength training (OST; N = 5), and aerobic treadmill training (OAT; N = 5). Rats were subjected to an 8-week exercise regime, and their body composition parameters were evaluated (total body weight, adiposity index, and BAT weight). In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis proteins (PGC-1α, SIRT1, and pAMPK) and respiratory chain activity (complexes I, II/III, III, and IV) were evaluated. Results showed that OST and OAT exercise protocols significantly increased the mitochondrial regulatory molecules and respiratory chain activity, while body fat percentage and adiposity index significantly decreased. Taken together, both OST and OAT exercise increased BAT weight, activity of respiratory complexes, and regulatory proteins in BAT and equally reduced body adiposity.
随着年龄的增长，线粒体活性会降低，身体成分也会发生多种变化，包括脂肪增加。线粒体活性的功能障碍会导致组织分解代谢特征发生变化和适应。其中，我们可以提到棕色脂肪组织 (BAT)。BAT 的主要功能是氧化脂质以产生热量，因此在环境因素（如运动）引起的适应性产热中发挥作用。众所周知，运动导致一系列代谢变化，包括体脂减少；然而，学术界对于力量训练和有氧运动是否同样能减少脂肪仍然没有共识。因此，本研究旨在评估力量训练和有氧运动方案对老年大鼠脂肪堆积、调节线粒体活性的蛋白质和 BAT 呼吸复合物的影响。大鼠分为两组对照组：年轻对照组（YC；N = 5）和老年对照组（OC；N = 5），以及两组运动组：力量训练组（OST；N = 5）和有氧跑步机训练组（OAT；N = 5）。大鼠接受了 8 周的运动方案，评估了他们的身体成分参数（总体重、肥胖指数和 BAT 体重）。此外，还评估了线粒体生物发生蛋白（PGC-1α、SIRT1 和 pAMPK）和呼吸链活性（复合物 I、II/III、III 和 IV）。结果表明，OST 和 OAT 运动方案显著增加了线粒体调节分子和呼吸链活性，而体脂肪百分比和肥胖指数显著降低。总之，OST 和 OAT 运动均增加了 BAT 重量、BAT 呼吸复合物和调节蛋白的活性，并同等减少了体脂肪堆积。
