Phenylobacterium parvum sp. nov., isolated from lake water.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium, designated HYN0004, was isolated from lake water. The strain grew at 15-35 °C and pH 7.0-9.0 on R2A. The isoprenoid quinone was Q10 and major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. The genome was 2.83 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 69.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that HYN0004 represented a member of the genus Phenylobacterium and shared sequence similarities with Phenylobacterium conjunctum (97.8 %), Phenylobacterium koreense (97.5 %), Phenylobacterium aquaticum (97.2 %), and Phenylobacteriumheamatophilum (97.0 %). In addition to the low sequence similarities, the phylogenetic tree shapes indicated that HYN0004represents an independent species of this genus. The genomic and phenotypic properties, including small genome size, inability to carry out numerous enzymatic reactions and high ratio of C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c in fatty acids, verified the differentiation between HYN0004 and related species. Thus, we propose a novel species of the genus Phenylobacterium, named as Phenylobacterium parvum sp. nov. The type strain is HYN0004 (=KACC 19185=NBRC 112736).