Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Apr 21;22(5):599-612. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty269.
The burden of disease associated with tobacco use has prompted a substantial increase in tobacco-related research, but the breadth of this literature has not been comprehensively examined. This review examines the nature of the research addressing the action areas in World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the populations targeted and how equity-related concepts are integrated.
A scoping review of published reviews addressing tobacco control within the primary prevention domain. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Educational Resources Information Centre, and PsycInfo from 2004 to 2018.
The scoping review of reviews offered a "birds-eye-view" of the tobacco control literature. Within the 681 reviews meeting inclusion criteria, there was a strong focus on smoking cessation targeting individuals; less attention has been given to product regulation, packaging, and labeling or sales to minors. Equity-related concepts were addressed in 167/681 (24.5%); few were focused on addressing inequity through structural and systemic root causes.
This analysis of foci, trends, and gaps in the research pursuant to the FCTC illustrated the particular action areas and populations most frequently addressed in tobacco control research. Further research is needed to address: (1) underlying social influences, (2) particular action areas and with specific populations, and (3) sustained tobacco use through the influence of novel marketing and product innovations by tobacco industry.
This scoping review of the breadth of tobacco control research reviews enables a better understanding of which action areas and target populations have been addressed in the research. Our findings alongside recommendations from other reviews suggest prioritizing further research to support policymaking and considering the role of the tobacco industry in circumventing tobacco control efforts. The large amount of research targeting individual cessation would suggest there is a need to move beyond a focus on individual choice and decontextualized behaviors. Also, given the majority of reviews that simply recognize or describe disparity, further research that integrates equity and targets various forms of social exclusion and discrimination is needed and may benefit from working in collaboration with communities where programs can be tailored to need and context.
与烟草使用相关的疾病负担促使与烟草相关的研究大幅增加，但尚未全面审查这方面的文献。本综述考察了世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）行动领域所涉及的研究的性质、目标人群以及如何纳入公平相关概念。
对 2004 年至 2018 年期间在初级预防领域发表的关于烟草控制的综述进行了范围综述。我们在 PubMed、Scopus、Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature、Cochrane Library、Educational Resources Information Centre 和 PsycInfo 中进行了检索。
综述中的综述提供了烟草控制文献的“鸟瞰图”。在符合纳入标准的 681 篇综述中，强烈关注针对个人的戒烟；对产品监管、包装和标签或向未成年人销售的关注较少。在 167/681（24.5%）篇综述中提到了公平相关概念；很少有综述专注于通过结构性和系统性根本原因解决不公平问题。
根据《烟草控制框架公约》对研究重点、趋势和差距的分析，说明了烟草控制研究中最常涉及的特定行动领域和人群。需要进一步研究以下方面：（1）潜在的社会影响，（2）特定的行动领域和特定的人群，以及（3）通过烟草行业新的营销和产品创新持续使用烟草。
本研究对烟草控制研究广度的综述使人们更好地了解了研究中涉及的哪些行动领域和目标人群。我们的研究结果以及其他综述的建议表明，需要优先进行进一步的研究以支持决策，并考虑烟草行业在规避烟草控制努力方面的作用。大量针对个人戒烟的研究表明，需要超越对个人选择和去情境化行为的关注。此外，鉴于大多数综述只是认识或描述差异，需要进一步研究纳入公平并针对各种形式的社会排斥和歧视的研究，这可能受益于与社区合作，在这些社区中可以根据需要和背景调整方案。
