De Silva Sumadee, Tennekoon Kamani Hemamala, Karunanayake Eric Hamilton
Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka,
Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2019 Jan 21;11:71-80. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S185870. eCollection 2019.
Cancer is a socioeconomical burden in any nation. Out of that, breast cancer is identified as the most common malignancy worldwide among women irrespective of age. As women are an important segment in a community, the weakening of their strength toward the development of a nation is a critical problem in each nation. In this review, it was aimed to discuss the characteristics of cancer genome, cancer genetics, and cancer epigenetics in general and then focus on discussing both genetic and nongenetic factors responsible for the predisposition of breast cancer in humans. More emphasis was placed on genes responsible for the early onset of the disease and which can be used as genetic tools in the identification of the disease at an early stage. Then the context of genetic involvement toward the breast cancer occurrence before age of 40 years was highlighted accordingly. In addition to genetic testing, the review paid adequate attention to mention novel liquid biopsy techniques and other clinical, laboratory, and radiologic assessments. These techniques can be used in early detection and recurrence as well as the surveillance of the patients after primary therapies.
癌症在任何国家都是一种社会经济负担。其中，乳腺癌被认为是全球女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤，不分年龄。由于女性是社会的重要组成部分，她们对国家发展的力量削弱在每个国家都是一个关键问题。在这篇综述中，旨在总体讨论癌症基因组、癌症遗传学和癌症表观遗传学的特征，然后着重讨论导致人类乳腺癌易感性的遗传和非遗传因素。更多的重点放在了导致疾病早期发病且可作为早期识别该疾病的遗传工具的基因上。然后相应地强调了40岁之前遗传因素对乳腺癌发生的影响。除了基因检测，该综述还充分关注提及了新型液体活检技术以及其他临床、实验室和放射学评估。这些技术可用于早期检测、复发以及原发性治疗后患者的监测。
