Unidad de Patología Infecciosa, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Área de Producción Animal, CICYTEX-La Orden, Badajoz, Spain.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 May;66(3):1218-1226. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13140. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
The importance of wild boars as game species in Spain is well known. Their feeding habits and intrusive behaviour, together with a progressively wider spreading of populations, increases the interactions of these animals with livestock and humans. Considering that wild boars could have a potential role in the transmission of certain pathogens as salmonellae, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in wild boars hunted in central-western Spain, the occurrence of this pathogen in tonsils, mandibular lymph nodes and faeces (as markers for transmission risk), and to define the phylogenetic relationships among isolated strains, in order to investigate the circulation pathways of bacteria among tissues, animals and estates. Samples from 1,041 hunted wild boars were analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp. by bacteriological culture. Isolates were confirmed by PCR and serotyped in the Spanish national reference laboratory. The genetic relationships between strains were determined by PFGE. The results showed a 7.7% of positive animals (81 wild boars), being tonsils the organ most frequently colonised by Salmonella spp. (18.7%), followed by lymph nodes (5.1%) and faecal samples (2.9%). Serovars Enteritidis and Newport were the most frequent amongst the 34 different serovars obtained. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PGFE) analysis showed a great genetic diversity, with serovars that exhibited different pulsotypes when isolated from different estates and multiple serovars in the same estate. In conclusion, this study reveals the importance of wild boars as carriers and possible transmitters of virulent and/or antimicrobial-resistant clones of Salmonella spp. to livestock and humans.
野猪作为西班牙的狩猎物种具有重要意义。它们的觅食习惯和入侵行为，以及种群的逐渐扩散，增加了这些动物与牲畜和人类的相互作用。考虑到野猪可能在传播某些病原体（如沙门氏菌）方面发挥潜在作用，本研究旨在确定在西班牙中西部狩猎的野猪中沙门氏菌的流行率，沙门氏菌在扁桃体、下颌淋巴结和粪便中的出现情况（作为传播风险的标志物），并定义分离株之间的系统发育关系，以调查细菌在组织、动物和养殖场之间的循环途径。通过细菌培养分析了 1041 只被猎杀的野猪样本，以确定是否存在沙门氏菌。通过 PCR 确认分离株，并在西班牙国家参考实验室进行血清型鉴定。通过 PFGE 确定菌株之间的遗传关系。结果显示，阳性动物（81 只野猪）的比例为 7.7%，其中扁桃体是最常被沙门氏菌定植的器官（18.7%），其次是淋巴结（5.1%）和粪便样本（2.9%）。从 34 种不同血清型中获得的血清型中，肠炎和纽波特是最常见的血清型。脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分析显示出很大的遗传多样性，从不同养殖场分离出的血清型表现出不同的脉冲型，而同一养殖场中存在多种血清型。总之，本研究揭示了野猪作为携带和可能传播沙门氏菌的毒力和/或抗微生物耐药克隆的重要性，对牲畜和人类造成威胁。
