Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad de Patología Infecciosa, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados S.L., Cáceres, Spain.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 Jan;66(1):225-233. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13003. Epub 2018 Sep 10.
Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis is the aetiological agent of swine paratyphoid being a highly invasive zoonotic pathogen. Wild boar natural populations are experiencing a demographical expansion as well as some farms are breeding this species to release for hunting with management sometimes identical to that of domestic pigs, including supplementation, grouping, and antibiotic treatments. This situation increases the chance of contact between wild boars and livestock, and potentially induces stress, with different sanitary consequences. The present work aims to describe the clinical features of recent outbreaks caused by S. Choleraesuis in wild boar from central-western Spain, as well as the antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of isolates involved. 28 strains of S. Choleraesuis were isolated from 28 different wild boars belonging to 10 different game states located in central western Spain and submitted to the Clinical Veterinary Hospital (CVH) of the University of Extremadura. Samples were taken from different organs and cultured according to the ISO 6579:2002 procedure. Suspicious colonies were identified by PCR and antimicrobial resistance was evaluated by disc diffusion susceptibility test and the presence of the main resistance genes as well as 18 plasmid replicons frequently found among the Enterobacteriaceae was verified by PCR. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was applied to determine the genetic relationship between isolates. The outbreaks under study were characterized by high mortality (35%-84%) and a septicaemic presentation. S. Choleraesuis was isolated from all the wild boars analysed, and 26 of the 28 isolates presented resistance to at least one antibiotic. The predominant resistances found were against sulphonamide, streptomycin, tetracycline, and doxicicline and sul1, strA-strB, and tetA were the most prevalent resistance genes among isolates. 10 strains carried FIIA, FIB+H/1 or FIIA+H/1 plasmids. PFGE classified the isolates into four different profiles, grouped into two clusters. This results show that prevention against S. Choleraesuis must be considered in the sanitary programs of the wild boar breeders.
肠炎沙门氏菌血清型霍乱是猪副伤寒的病原体，是一种高度侵袭性的人畜共患病病原体。野猪自然种群正在经历人口扩张，一些农场正在繁殖这种物种，以供狩猎，管理有时与家猪相同，包括补充、分组和抗生素治疗。这种情况增加了野猪和牲畜接触的机会，并可能导致压力，带来不同的卫生后果。本研究旨在描述西班牙中西部地区野猪中由 S. Choleraesuis 引起的近期暴发的临床特征，以及所涉及分离株的抗生素耐药性和系统发育关系。从西班牙中西部 10 个不同的狩猎州的 28 只不同的野猪中分离出 28 株 S. Choleraesuis，这些野猪都被送到了西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉大学的临床兽医医院（CVH）。根据 ISO 6579:2002 程序从不同器官采集样本并进行培养。通过 PCR 鉴定可疑菌落，通过药敏纸片扩散试验评估抗生素耐药性，并通过 PCR 验证主要耐药基因的存在以及在肠杆菌科中经常发现的 18 个质粒复制子。应用脉冲场凝胶电泳确定分离株之间的遗传关系。研究中的暴发具有高死亡率（35%-84%）和败血症表现。从所有分析的野猪中都分离出了 S. Choleraesuis，28 个分离株中有 26 个至少对一种抗生素耐药。最常见的耐药性是对磺胺类、链霉素、四环素和强力霉素，以及分离株中最常见的耐药基因 sul1、strA-strB 和 tetA。10 株菌携带 FIIA、FIB+H/1 或 FIIA+H/1 质粒。PFGE 将分离株分为四个不同的谱带，分为两个簇。这些结果表明，必须在野猪饲养者的卫生计划中考虑预防 S. Choleraesuis。
