Wood J M
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
J Membr Biol. 1988 Dec;106(3):183-202. doi: 10.1007/BF01872157.
Proline is utilized by all organisms as a protein constituent. It may also serve as a source of carbon, energy and nitrogen for growth or as an osmoprotectant. The molecular characteristics of the proline transport systems which mediate the multiple functions of proline in the Gram negative enteric bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, are now becoming apparent. Recent research on those organisms has provided both protocols for the genetic and biochemical characterization of the enzymes mediating proline transport and molecular probes with which the degree of homology among the proline transport systems of archaebacteria, eubacteria and eukaryotes can be assessed. This review has provided a detailed summary of recent research on proline transport in E. coli and S. typhimurium; the properties of other organisms are cited primarily to illustrate the generality of those observations and to show where homologous proline transport systems might be expected to occur. The characteristics of proline transport in eukaryotic microorganisms have recently been reviewed (Horak, 1986).
脯氨酸被所有生物体用作蛋白质的组成成分。它也可以作为生长所需的碳、能量和氮的来源，或者作为渗透保护剂。介导脯氨酸在革兰氏阴性肠道细菌大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中多种功能的脯氨酸转运系统的分子特征正逐渐显现出来。最近对这些生物体的研究既提供了用于介导脯氨酸转运的酶的遗传和生化特性表征的方案，也提供了分子探针，利用这些探针可以评估古细菌、真细菌和真核生物的脯氨酸转运系统之间的同源程度。这篇综述详细总结了最近关于大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中脯氨酸转运的研究；引用其他生物体的特性主要是为了说明这些观察结果的普遍性，并表明可能预期会出现同源脯氨酸转运系统的位置。最近已经对真核微生物中脯氨酸转运的特征进行了综述（霍拉克，1986年）。
