Genetic and biochemical requirements for chemotaxis to L-proline in Escherichia coli.

Chemotaxis to L-proline was examined by the capillary assay, using a set of Escherichia coli strains bearing well-defined defects in the enzymes of proline transport and utilization. Aspartate taxis was measured as a constitutive, control activity whose receptor and transducer requirements are known. Proline chemotaxis showed a pattern of induction more analogous to that of proline dehydrogenase than of that of proline transport, but chemotaxis to proline was eliminated by mutations eliminating either or both of these activities. No response to proline was observed in the absence of a proline concentration gradient or when succinate was provided as an oxidizable carbon source. These data suggest that the chemotactic response to proline results from a direct impact of proline oxidation on the energy metabolism of the cell.