Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Institute for General Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 6;14(2):e0211223. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211223. eCollection 2019.
Studies from general practitioner (GP) populations from various European countries show a high prevalence of burnout, yet data from Germany are scarce and there are no data comparing GPs from solo versus group practices.
This cross-sectional survey addressed all GPs from a German network of family medicine practices comprising 185 practices. Participants were asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire addressing socio-demographic and job-related characteristics. The German version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to measure the dimensions emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). Each participant was categorized as having high EE, high DP and low PA following pre-defined cut-offs.
A total of 214 GPs from 129 practices participated: 65.9% male, 24.8% solo practice. Of all GPs, 34.1% (n = 73) scored high for EE, 29.0% (n = 62) high for DP, 21.5% (n = 46) low for PA and 7.5% (n = 16) for all three dimensions. A higher risk for EE was found among female physicians, those unsatisfied with their job, those using few stress-regulating measures regularly and those reporting bad work-life balance. Burnout prevalence was higher in GPs in group than in solo practices (37.9% vs. 28.8% had high EE, 33.1% vs. 18.9% had high DP and 22.8% vs. 18.9% had low PA). A significantly higher prevalence of burnout symptoms was found in group practice employees compared to group practice owners.
Burnout prevalence was higher among physicians in group practices compared to solo practices. In group practices, employed, young, female and part-time working physicians showed a higher burnout risk.
来自欧洲各国全科医生（GP）人群的研究表明， burnout 的发病率很高，但德国的数据却很少，并且没有比较个体经营与团队经营的 GP 的数据。
这项横断面调查涉及了德国家庭医学实践网络中的所有 GP，该网络由 185 个实践组成。参与者被要求填写一份自我管理的问卷，其中包括社会人口统计学和与工作相关的特征。使用德国版 Maslach 倦怠量表来衡量情感衰竭（EE）、去人格化（DP）和个人成就感（PA）三个维度。根据预先定义的截止值，每个参与者被归类为 EE 高、DP 高和 PA 低。
共有 129 个实践中的 214 名 GP 参与了这项研究：65.9%为男性，24.8%为个体经营。所有 GP 中，34.1%（n = 73）EE 得分高，29.0%（n = 62）DP 得分高，21.5%（n = 46）PA 得分低，7.5%（n = 16）三个维度都得分高。女性医生、对工作不满意的医生、经常使用少量压力调节措施的医生以及报告工作与生活平衡不佳的医生，EE 风险更高。与个体经营相比，团队经营中的 GP 中 EE 高的比例更高（37.9% vs. 28.8%，DP 高的比例更高（33.1% vs. 18.9%），PA 低的比例更高（22.8% vs. 18.9%）。与团队实践的所有者相比，团队实践的员工中 burnout 症状的患病率明显更高。
与个体经营相比，团队经营中的 GP 中 burnout 的发病率更高。在团队实践中，年轻、女性、兼职工作的受雇医生和个体经营医生的 burnout 风险更高。
