Rao Arpit, Patel Manish R
University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC480, 425 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Ther Adv Urol. 2019 Jan 30;11:1756287218823485. doi: 10.1177/1756287218823485. eCollection 2019 Jan-Dec.
Urothelial carcinoma remains a devastating disease with a poor prognosis. Though immune therapy with (BCG) has been used for localized bladder cancer for years, only immune-checkpoint blockade with antiprogrammed cell-death 1 (anti-PD-1) and antiprogrammed cell-death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) inhibitors have demonstrated improvement in survival of patients with metastatic disease. Anti-PD-L1 antibody, avelumab, was recently given United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accelerated approval for the treatment of recurrent/metastatic urothelial carcinoma after failure of first-line chemotherapy, marking the fifth immune checkpoint inhibitor to be given FDA approval for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer. The following manuscript will review avelumab, its pharmacology, and the clinical experience that has led to its approval, as well as future plans for clinical development of avelumab for the treatment or urothelial cancer.
尿路上皮癌仍然是一种预后很差的毁灭性疾病。尽管卡介苗（BCG）免疫疗法多年来一直用于局部膀胱癌，但只有抗程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（anti-PD-1）和抗程序性细胞死亡配体1（anti-PD-L1）抑制剂的免疫检查点阻断已证明可改善转移性疾病患者的生存率。抗PD-L1抗体阿维鲁单抗最近获得了美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的加速批准，用于治疗一线化疗失败后的复发性/转移性尿路上皮癌，这标志着第五种免疫检查点抑制剂获得FDA批准用于治疗转移性尿路上皮癌。以下手稿将回顾阿维鲁单抗、其药理学、导致其获批的临床经验，以及阿维鲁单抗治疗尿路上皮癌的未来临床开发计划。
