Krabak Brian J, Tenforde Adam S, Davis Irene S, Fredericson Michael, Harrast Mark A, d'Hemecourt Pierre, Luke Anthony C, Roberts William O
Rehabilitation, Orthopedics, and Sports Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Sports Medicine, Seattle, WA.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019 Feb;18(2):53-59. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000564.
Running is a popular sport for children in the United States. However, review of available literature on health effects and safety recommendations for youth running has not been previously conducted. Unique factors for injury include periods of growth during puberty and potential for growth plate injury. Youth runners may benefit from activities that incorporate high-impact loading and multidirectional movement for optimal bone maturation, exercises to strengthen tendons and muscles, and strategies aimed at improving running biomechanics to reduce risk of injury. In addition, addressing lifestyle factors, including nutrition and sleep is essential for a runner's general health. Similar to other sports, sports specialization should not be encouraged in youth runners. Reducing running-related injury in growing children and assessing readiness for running should be based on a combination of physical, emotional, psychological, social, and cognitive factors. Youth runners require individualized training and competition to safely participate in the sport.
跑步在美国是一项受孩子们欢迎的运动。然而，此前尚未对有关青少年跑步对健康的影响及安全建议的现有文献进行综述。受伤的独特因素包括青春期的生长阶段以及生长板受伤的可能性。青少年跑步者可能会从以下活动中受益：纳入高冲击负荷和多方向运动以实现最佳骨骼成熟的活动、强化肌腱和肌肉的锻炼，以及旨在改善跑步生物力学以降低受伤风险的策略。此外，解决包括营养和睡眠在内的生活方式因素对跑步者的总体健康至关重要。与其他运动类似，不应鼓励青少年跑步者进行运动专项化。减少成长中儿童与跑步相关的损伤以及评估跑步准备情况应基于身体、情感、心理、社会和认知等多种因素。青少年跑步者需要个性化的训练和比赛才能安全地参与这项运动。
