Weber Roland W S
Esteburg Fruit Research and Advisory Center, Moorende 53, 21635 Jork, Germany.
Plant Dis. 2011 Oct;95(10):1263-1269. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-11-0209.
During the vegetation period 2010, 353 isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 23 Northern German strawberry, raspberry, highbush blueberry, and redcurrant fields were examined for sensitivity to the benzimidazole derivative thiophanate-methyl and the dicarboximide iprodione, as well as five fungicides currently used against gray mold in Germany. Of all isolates, 40.5% were highly resistant to thiophanate-methyl, 64.0% to iprodione, 45.0% to fenhexamid, 76.8% to trifloxystrobin, 21.5% to boscalid, and 14.7% to cyprodinil. No high resistance to fludioxonil was observed but medium resistance was recorded to fludioxonil as well as cyprodinil (41.1 and 27.2% of all isolates, respectively). In all, 63 isolates were sensitive to all five of the currently registered botryticides whereas 43, 81, 94, 49, and 23 isolates were medium or highly resistant to one, two, three, four, and five fungicides, respectively. Isolates resistant to five fungicides in vitro were capable of causing fruit rot on wounded apple pretreated with any one of the three commercially available products containing fenhexamid, pyraclostrobin plus boscalid, or cyprodinil plus fludioxonil. These results question the sustainability of the current gray mold control strategy relying exclusively on fungicides with specific, single-site modes of action.
在2010年生长季，对来自德国北部23个草莓、覆盆子、高丛蓝莓和红醋栗种植田的353株灰葡萄孢菌分离株进行了检测，以评估它们对苯并咪唑衍生物甲基硫菌灵、二甲酰亚胺异菌脲以及德国目前用于防治灰霉病的五种杀菌剂的敏感性。在所有分离株中，40.5%对甲基硫菌灵高度耐药，64.0%对异菌脲耐药，45.0%对苯氧菌胺耐药，76.8%对肟菌酯耐药，21.5%对啶酰菌胺耐药，14.7%对嘧菌环胺耐药。未观察到对咯菌腈的高耐药性，但记录到对咯菌腈和嘧菌环胺存在中等耐药性（分别占所有分离株的41.1%和27.2%）。总共有63株分离株对目前登记的所有五种防治葡萄孢菌的杀菌剂敏感，而分别有43、81、94、49和23株分离株对一种、两种、三种、四种和五种杀菌剂存在中等或高度耐药性。在体外对五种杀菌剂耐药的分离株能够在用含有苯氧菌胺、吡唑醚菌酯加啶酰菌胺或嘧菌环胺加咯菌腈的三种市售产品中的任何一种预处理过的受伤苹果上引起果实腐烂。这些结果对目前仅依赖具有特定单作用位点作用模式的杀菌剂的灰霉病防治策略的可持续性提出了质疑。
