Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 May;76(9):1747-1758. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03035-2. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
Exosomes represent an important group of extracellular vesicles with a defined size between 40 and 150 nm and cup-shaped construction which have a pivotal role in elimination of intracellular debris and intercellular signaling networks. A line of evidence revealed the impact of different types of exosomes in initiation, progression, and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). These bioactive vesicles mediate tumor and stromal communication network through modulation of cell signaling for carcinogenesis and pre-metastatic niche formation in distant organs. Exosomes contain various cargos including DNAs (mitochondrial and genomic), proteins, transposable elements, and RNAs (coding and noncoding) with different compositions related to functional status of origin cells. In this review, we summarize the main roles of key exosomal cargos in induction of exosome-mediated signaling in cancer cells. Body fluids are employed frequently as the source of exosomes released by tumor cells with a potential role in early diagnosis of GC and chemoresistance. These vesicles as non-toxic and non-immunogenic carriers are also found to be applied for novel drug delivery systems.
外泌体是一类重要的细胞外囊泡，其直径在 40 至 150nm 之间，具有杯状结构，在清除细胞内碎片和细胞间信号网络中起着关键作用。有证据表明，不同类型的外泌体在胃癌（GC）的发生、发展和转移中起作用。这些生物活性囊泡通过调节细胞信号转导，在致癌作用和远处器官的转移前生态位形成中，介导肿瘤和基质的通讯网络。外泌体包含各种 cargo，包括 DNA（线粒体和基因组）、蛋白质、转座元件和 RNA（编码和非编码），其组成与起源细胞的功能状态有关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关键外泌体 cargos 在诱导癌细胞中外泌体介导的信号转导中的主要作用。体液常被用作肿瘤细胞释放的外泌体的来源，在外泌体介导的信号转导中具有潜在的早期诊断 GC 和化学耐药性的作用。这些作为非毒性和非免疫原性载体的囊泡也被发现可用于新型药物传递系统。
