Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
School of Planning, Design & Construction, Michigan State University, 552 W Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Apr 15;236:365-379. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.041. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Low impact development (LID) has been increasingly practiced since its emergence in the 1990s. Although the hydrological benefits of LIDs have been extensively documented, the climate impact on LID performance remains unclear with increasing variations in spatial and temporal climate patterns. This systematic review contributes to providing a structured summary of research on how LID systems are sensitive to climate variability by empirical and hypothetical research approaches. The selected 46 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2003 and 2017 were analyzed by key variables, including climatic factors, LID types, and hydrologic measures used to quantify LID performance. A conceptual framework formulated in this study synthesizes the relationship between climate and LID effectiveness. The results of weighted meta-analysis reveal a greater sensitivity of runoff volume to changing storm frequency than peak discharge rates, while the capacity of LID systems to reduce both volume and peak discharge rates diminishes with increasing storm intensity. Future explorations of the sensitivity of LIDs to climate fluctuations will help strategize LID installation for targeted storm patterns and flood mitigation goals. To enhance existing methods and make a balance between empirical and hypothetical knowledge, this study suggests future directions of research and encourages development of effective stormwater management policy.
低影响开发（LID）自 20 世纪 90 年代出现以来，其应用日益广泛。尽管 LID 的水文效益已经得到广泛证实，但随着空间和时间气候模式的变化，其对气候的影响仍不清楚。本系统评价通过实证和假设研究方法，有助于提供关于 LID 系统对气候变异性敏感性的研究的结构化总结。本研究选择了 2003 年至 2017 年期间发表的 46 篇同行评议期刊文章，通过关键变量进行分析，包括气候因素、LID 类型以及用于量化 LID 性能的水文措施。本研究提出的概念框架综合了气候和 LID 有效性之间的关系。加权荟萃分析的结果表明，径流量对风暴频率变化的敏感性大于峰值流量率，而 LID 系统减少径流量和峰值流量率的能力随着风暴强度的增加而降低。未来对 LID 对气候波动的敏感性的探索将有助于根据目标风暴模式和防洪目标制定 LID 安装策略。为了增强现有方法并在经验和假设知识之间取得平衡，本研究提出了未来的研究方向，并鼓励制定有效的雨水管理政策。
