Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Apr;26(10):9966-9980. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04443-4. Epub 2019 Feb 9.
Potassium bromate (PB) is a commonly used food additive, a prominent water disinfection by-product, and a class IIB carcinogen. It exerts a various degree of toxicity depending on its dose and exposure duration consumed with food and water in the living organisms. The present investigation aims to demonstrate the protective efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from Ochradenus arabicus (OA) leaf extract by green technology in PB-challenged Swiss albino rats. The rodents were randomly distributed, under the lab-standardized treatment strategy, into the following six treatment groups: control (group I), PB alone (group II), ZnO alone (group III), ZnO NP alone (group IV), PB + ZnO (group V), and PB + ZnO NPs (group VI). The rats were sacrificed after completion of the treatment, and their blood and liver samples were collected for further analysis. Group II showed extensive toxic effects with altered liver function markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutathione-S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase) and compromised redox status (SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, GSH, MDA, and total carbonyl content). The histopathological analysis and comet assay further supported the biochemical results of the same group. Besides, group III also showed moderate toxicity evidenced by an alteration in most of the studied parameters while group IV demonstrated mild toxicity after biochemical analysis indicating the excellent biocompatibility of the NPs. However, group VI exhibited attenuation of the PB-induced toxic insults to a significant level as compared to group II, whereas group V failed to show similar improvement in the studied parameters. All these findings entail that the ZnO NPs prepared by green synthesis have significant ameliorative property against PB-induced toxicity in vivo. Moreover, administration of the NPs improved the overall health of the treated animals profoundly. Hence, these NPs have significant therapeutic potential against the toxic effects of PB and similar compounds in vivo, and they are suitable to be used at the clinical and industrial levels.
溴酸钾（PB）是一种常用的食品添加剂，也是一种重要的水消毒副产物，属于 IIB 类致癌物质。它对生物体的毒性程度取决于其剂量以及通过食物和水摄入的持续时间。本研究旨在展示通过绿色技术从 Ochradenus arabicus（OA）叶提取物中获得的氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NPs）对 PB 挑战的瑞士白化大鼠的保护功效。根据实验室标准化的治疗策略，将啮齿动物随机分配到以下六个治疗组：对照组（I 组）、单独 PB（II 组）、单独 ZnO（III 组）、单独 ZnO NPs（IV 组）、PB+ZnO（V 组）和 PB+ZnO NPs（VI 组）。完成治疗后，处死大鼠，采集其血液和肝脏样本进行进一步分析。II 组显示出广泛的毒性作用，其肝功能标志物（丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和硫氧还蛋白还原酶）和氧化还原状态（SOD、CAT、GR、GPx、GSH、MDA 和总羰基含量）发生改变。组织病理学分析和彗星试验进一步支持了同一组的生化结果。此外，III 组的大多数研究参数也发生了改变，表明其具有中度毒性，而 IV 组的生化分析表明其具有轻度毒性，表明 NPs 的生物相容性良好。然而，与 II 组相比，VI 组显著减轻了 PB 诱导的毒性损伤，而 V 组在研究参数方面未能显示出类似的改善。所有这些发现都表明，通过绿色合成制备的 ZnO NPs 对体内 PB 诱导的毒性具有显著的改善作用。此外，纳米粒子的给药显著改善了处理动物的整体健康状况。因此，这些 NPs 对体内 PB 及类似化合物的毒性具有显著的治疗潜力，适合在临床和工业水平上使用。
