Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas, USA.
Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, New York, USA.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Nov;78(4):554-566. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002859. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
Iodine is an essential trace mineral, vital for its functions in many physiological processes in the human body. Both iodine deficiency (ID) and excess are associated with adverse health effects; ID and excess iodine intake have both been identified in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The review aims to (1) review the iodine status among populations in SSA until October 2018, and (2) identify populations at risk of excess or inadequate iodine intakes. A systematic search of relevant articles was carried out by a seven-member research team using PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. A total of twenty-two articles was included for data extraction. Of the articles reviewed, the majority sought to determine the prevalence of iodine status of the study populations; others measured the impact of uncontrolled and unmonitored salt iodisation on iodine excess and tested the effectiveness of water iodisation. Although iodine status varied largely in study populations, ID and excessive iodine intake often coexisted within populations. The implementation of nutrition interventions and other strategies across SSA has resulted in the reduction of goitre prevalence. Even so, goitre prevalence remains high in many populations. Improvements in access to iodised salt and awareness of its importance are needed. The emerging problem of excess iodine intakes, however, should be taken into consideration by policy makers and programme implementers. As excessive iodine intakes may have adverse health effects greater than those induced by iodine deficient diets, more population-based studies are needed to investigate iodine intakes of the different population groups.
碘是一种必需的微量元素，对人体许多生理过程的功能至关重要。碘缺乏（ID）和过量都会对健康产生不良影响；在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），都发现了碘缺乏和碘过量摄入的情况。本综述旨在：（1）回顾 2018 年 10 月之前 SSA 人群的碘状况；（2）确定碘摄入过多或不足的高危人群。一个由七名研究人员组成的研究小组使用 PubMed、Science Direct 和 Scopus 进行了相关文章的系统搜索。共有 22 篇文章被纳入数据提取。在回顾的文章中，大多数文章旨在确定研究人群碘状况的流行率；其他文章则衡量了不受控制和未经监测的盐碘化对碘过量的影响，并测试了水碘化的效果。尽管研究人群的碘状况差异很大，但 ID 和碘过量摄入通常在人群中同时存在。SSA 实施营养干预和其他策略已经导致甲状腺肿流行率的降低。即便如此，许多人群的甲状腺肿流行率仍然很高。需要改善对碘盐的获取和对其重要性的认识。然而，政策制定者和方案实施者应该考虑到碘摄入过多的新问题。由于碘过量摄入可能比碘缺乏饮食引起的健康影响更大，因此需要进行更多的基于人群的研究来调查不同人群的碘摄入量。
