Ji Shaorong, Zhou Yinglu, Zhao Qilong, Chen Runtong, Su Zhenni
Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Cao Pu Town Health and Family Planning Clinic, Anning Medical Community, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Jul 23;11:1426790. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1426790. eCollection 2024.
Vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition are prevalent malnutrition issues that disproportionately affect low-income countries and pose significant risks to the health and development of children and adolescents. This study offers a detailed examination of these deficiencies' prevalence trends and gender and regional variations using Global Burden of Disease Study data from 1990 to 2019. It also assesses the specific impact on various age groups, providing essential insights for targeted health interventions and policy-making.
Data spanning from 1990 to 2019 on Vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. Age-Standardized Incidence Rates (ASR) were computed by gender, region, and etiology, utilizing the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to assess temporal trends.
In 2019, Central Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency, particularly among males, and iodine deficiency peaked in the same region for both genders. South Asia had the highest incidence of protein-energy malnutrition for both genders. Regions with a low Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) showed lower ASR for these deficiencies. Notably, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Maldives recorded the highest ASR for vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition, respectively. The declining ASR trend for vitamin A deficiency, especially among males, suggests effective interventions. East Asia saw a significant increase in iodine deficiency ASR from 1990 to 2019, particularly among women, requiring targeted interventions. The rising ASR of protein-energy malnutrition in several regions, especially among men, raises concerns. Vitamin A deficiency primarily affected children and adolescents, iodine deficiency predominantly impacted adolescents and young adults, and protein-energy malnutrition was chiefly observed among children under 5 years old. These findings underscore the necessity for tailored interventions considering age-specific nutritional needs and challenges.
维生素A缺乏、碘缺乏和蛋白质-能量营养不良是普遍存在的营养不良问题，对低收入国家的影响尤为严重，给儿童和青少年的健康与发展带来重大风险。本研究利用1990年至2019年全球疾病负担研究数据，详细考察了这些营养素缺乏的流行趋势以及性别和地区差异。研究还评估了对不同年龄组的具体影响，为有针对性的健康干预措施和政策制定提供了重要见解。
从2019年全球疾病负担研究中提取了1990年至2019年关于维生素A缺乏、碘缺乏和蛋白质-能量营养不良的数据。按性别、地区和病因计算年龄标准化发病率（ASR），利用估计年变化百分比（EAPC）评估时间趋势。
2019年，撒哈拉以南非洲中部地区维生素A缺乏的患病率最高，男性尤为突出，碘缺乏在该地区男女中均达到峰值。南亚地区男女蛋白质-能量营养不良的发病率最高。社会人口指数（SDI）较低的地区这些营养素缺乏的ASR较低。值得注意的是，喀麦隆、赤道几内亚和马尔代夫分别记录了维生素A缺乏、碘缺乏和蛋白质-能量营养不良的最高ASR。维生素A缺乏的ASR呈下降趋势，尤其是男性，这表明干预措施有效。1990年至2019年，东亚地区碘缺乏的ASR显著上升，尤其是女性，需要采取针对性干预措施。几个地区蛋白质-能量营养不良的ASR上升，尤其是男性，令人担忧。维生素A缺乏主要影响儿童和青少年，碘缺乏主要影响青少年和青年，蛋白质-能量营养不良主要见于5岁以下儿童。这些发现强调了根据特定年龄的营养需求和挑战制定针对性干预措施的必要性。
