Singh Aoife Rajyaluxmi, Veale David
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College, London, UK.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2019 Jan;61(Suppl 1):S131-S135. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_528_18.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), also known as dysmorphophobia, is a condition that consists of a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or slight defects in appearance, associated repetitive behaviors and where insight regarding the appearance beliefs is often poor. Despite the fact it is relatively common, occurs around the world and can have a significant impact on a sufferer's functioning, levels of distress, and risk of suicide, the diagnosis is often missed. In this review, we outline the clinical features of BDD including as characterized in the newly published World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases 11, review the prevalence of BDD within different settings, and highlight the reasons why BDD may be underdiagnosed even within psychiatric settings. We additionally review the cultural considerations for BDD and finally discuss the evidence-based treatment approaches for BDD, particularly the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication and cognitive behavioral therapy.
躯体变形障碍（BDD），也称为畸形恐惧症，是一种由对想象中的或轻微的外表缺陷的痛苦或损害性的先占观念、相关的重复行为组成的病症，并且对外表信念的洞察力往往较差。尽管它相对常见，在世界各地都有发生，并且会对患者的功能、痛苦程度和自杀风险产生重大影响，但诊断往往被漏诊。在这篇综述中，我们概述了BDD的临床特征，包括新发布的世界卫生组织《国际疾病分类第11版》中所描述的特征，回顾了不同环境中BDD的患病率，并强调了即使在精神科环境中BDD也可能未被充分诊断的原因。我们还回顾了BDD的文化考量因素，最后讨论了基于证据的BDD治疗方法，特别是5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂药物的使用和认知行为疗法。
