Zinke Fridolin, Warnke Torsten, Gäbler Martijn, Granacher Urs
Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Institute for Applied Training Science, Leipzig, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2019 Jan 28;10:21. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00021. eCollection 2019.
In canoe sprint, the trunk muscles play an important role in stabilizing the body in an unstable environment (boat) and in generating forces that are transmitted through the shoulders and arms to the paddle for propulsion of the boat. Isokinetic training is well suited for sports in which propulsion is generated through water resistance due to similarities in the resistive mode. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of isokinetic training in addition to regular sport-specific training on trunk muscular fitness and body composition in world-class canoeists and to evaluate associations between trunk muscular fitness and canoe-specific performance. Nine world-class canoeists (age: 25.6 ± 3.3 years; three females; four world champions; three Olympic gold medalists) participated in an 8-week progressive isokinetic training with a 6-week block "muscle hypertrophy" and a 2-week block "muscle power." Pre- and post-tests included the assessment of peak isokinetic torque at different velocities in concentric (30 and 140°s) and eccentric (30 and 90°s) mode, trunk muscle endurance, and body composition (e.g., body fat, segmental lean mass). Additionally, peak paddle force was assessed in the flume at a water current of 3.4 m/s. Significant pre-to-post increases were found for peak torque of the trunk rotators at 30°s ( = 0.047; = 0.4) and 140°s ( = 0.014; = 0.7) in concentric mode. No significant pre-to-post changes were detected for eccentric trunk rotator torque, trunk muscle endurance, and body composition ( > 0.148). Significant medium-to-large correlations were observed between concentric trunk rotator torque but not trunk muscle endurance and peak paddle force, irrespective of the isokinetic movement velocity (all ≥ 0.886; ≤ 0.008). Isokinetic trunk rotator training is effective in improving concentric trunk rotator strength in world-class canoe sprinters. It is recommended to progressively increase angular velocity from 30°s to 140°s over the course of the training period.
在皮划艇短距离赛中，躯干肌肉对于在不稳定环境（船）中稳定身体以及产生通过肩部和手臂传递到桨上以推动船前进的力量起着重要作用。等速训练非常适合因阻力模式相似而通过水阻力产生推进力的运动。因此，本研究的目的是确定除常规专项运动训练外，等速训练对世界级皮划艇运动员躯干肌肉适能和身体成分的影响，并评估躯干肌肉适能与皮划艇专项成绩之间的关联。九名世界级皮划艇运动员（年龄：25.6±3.3岁；三名女性；四名世界冠军；三名奥运金牌得主）参加了为期8周的渐进式等速训练，其中包括6周的“肌肉肥大”阶段和2周的“肌肉力量”阶段。训练前和训练后的测试包括评估在向心（30和140°/秒）和离心（30和90°/秒）模式下不同速度时的等速峰值扭矩、躯干肌肉耐力以及身体成分（如体脂、节段性瘦体重）。此外，在水槽中以3.4米/秒的水流速度评估桨的峰值力量。在向心模式下，发现30°/秒（p = 0.047；效应量 = 0.4）和140°/秒（p = 0.014；效应量 = 0.7）时躯干旋转肌的峰值扭矩从训练前到训练后有显著增加。离心躯干旋转肌扭矩、躯干肌肉耐力和身体成分在训练前后未检测到显著变化（p > 0.148）。无论等速运动速度如何，向心躯干旋转肌扭矩与桨的峰值力量之间均观察到显著的中等到高度相关性，但躯干肌肉耐力与桨的峰值力量之间未观察到显著相关性（所有r≥0.886；p≤0.008）。等速躯干旋转肌训练对于提高世界级皮划艇短距离赛运动员的向心躯干旋转肌力量是有效的。建议在训练期间将角速度从30°/秒逐步提高到140°/秒。
