Spanias Charalampos, Nikolaidis Pantelis T, Rosemann Thomas, Knechtle Beat
UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, 18450 Nikaia, Greece.
Sports (Basel). 2019 Jun 14;7(6):146. doi: 10.3390/sports7060146.
The aim of this review was to analyze the existing knowledge of the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of MMA (mixed martial arts). A computerized search was performed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for English-language, peer-reviewed investigations using the term "mixed martial arts" or "MMA" alone and in combination with "physiological characteristics", "physiological profile", "body composition", "strength", "power", "endurance", "aerobic", and "anaerobic". The main findings of this review suggested an overall profile of low body fat, high flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance, and anaerobic power, and average cardiovascular endurance. Nevertheless, no differences in anthropometric and physiological characteristics by performance level of the athletes were observed. Based on the studies analyzed in this review, several limitations were reported. First, the subjects in each paper were limited in number, as is MMA literature itself, and it is impossible to make a generalization regarding the anthropometric and physiological profile for male athletes. Second, no studies included female MMA athletes; therefore, there was no evidence for what their profiles might be. Last, the majority of the above-mentioned studies used different tests, or the same tests with different protocols, and as a result, it is difficult to compare their results. The similarity observed between the levels of the athletes might be a result of the different tests and protocols used by the researchers or might be evidence that the anthropometric and physiological profile of an MMA athlete did not vary among high-level athletes. Considering the increasing number of those engaging in MMA training and sport events, the findings of the present study provided strength and conditioning trainers working with MMA athletes a valuable tool for monitoring training and performance.
本综述的目的是分析综合格斗（MMA）的人体测量学和生理学特征的现有知识。在PubMed和谷歌学术数据库中进行了计算机检索，以查找仅使用“综合格斗”或“MMA”以及与“生理特征”、“生理概况”、“身体成分”、“力量”、“功率”、“耐力”、“有氧”和“无氧”相结合的英文同行评审研究。本综述的主要发现表明，综合格斗运动员总体上具有低体脂、高柔韧性、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力和无氧功率，以及平均心血管耐力。然而，未观察到运动员表现水平在人体测量学和生理学特征方面的差异。基于本综述中分析的研究，报告了几个局限性。首先，每篇论文中的受试者数量有限，综合格斗相关文献本身也是如此，因此无法对男性运动员的人体测量学和生理学概况进行概括。其次，没有研究纳入女性综合格斗运动员；因此，没有证据表明她们的概况可能是怎样的。最后，上述大多数研究使用了不同的测试，或者相同测试采用了不同的方案，因此，很难比较它们的结果。运动员水平之间观察到的相似性可能是研究人员使用不同测试和方案的结果，也可能是综合格斗运动员的人体测量学和生理学概况在高水平运动员中没有差异的证据。考虑到参与综合格斗训练和体育赛事的人数不断增加，本研究的结果为与综合格斗运动员合作的体能教练提供了一个监测训练和表现的宝贵工具。
