Sarcopenia in CKD: a roadmap from basic pathogenetic mechanisms to clinical trials.

Sarcopenia and frailty are recognized as key risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients on renal replacement therapy or with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is still debate about their pathogenesis and, thus, about the best therapeutic approaches, as well as the impact on outcomes of current approaches based on different exercise programmes. In the past two issues of , several manuscripts address the issue of sarcopenia in CKD from the point of view of pathogenesis and new therapeutic approaches, monitoring of results, implementation of exercise programmes and specific potential benefits of exercise programmes in dialysis and non-dialysis CKD patients, as assessed by clinical trials.