Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Food Funct. 2019 Feb 20;10(2):514-528. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01997e.
Although deficiencies in polyphenol intake do not result in specific deficiency diseases, adequate intake of polyphenols could confer health benefits, especially with regard to chronic diseases. Tea, cocoa, fruits, and berries, as well as vegetables, are rich in polyphenols. Flavan-3-ols from cocoa have been found to be associated with a reduced risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes, as well as improvements in lipids, endothelial-dependent blood flow and blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. The flavonoid quercetin and the stilbene resveratrol have also been associated with cardiometabolic health. Although polyphenols have been associated with improved cerebral blood flow, evidence of an impact on cognition is more limited. The ability of dietary polyphenols to produce clinical effects may be due, at least in part, to a bi-directional relationship with the gut microbiota. Polyphenols can impact the composition of the gut microbiota (which are independently associated with health benefits), and gut bacteria metabolize polyphenols into bioactive compounds that produce clinical benefits. Another critical interaction is that of polyphenols with other phytochemicals, which could be relevant to interpreting the health parameter effects of polyphenols assayed as purified extracts, whole foods, or whole food extracts.
虽然多酚摄入不足不会导致特定的营养缺乏症，但摄入足够的多酚可以带来健康益处，特别是对慢性病。茶、可可、水果和浆果以及蔬菜富含多酚。可可中的黄烷-3-醇已被发现与中风、心肌梗死和糖尿病风险降低有关，同时还能改善血脂、内皮依赖性血流和血压、胰岛素抵抗和全身炎症。类黄酮槲皮素和白藜芦醇也与心脏代谢健康有关。尽管多酚与改善脑血流有关，但对认知影响的证据更为有限。饮食多酚产生临床效果的能力可能至少部分归因于与肠道微生物群的双向关系。多酚可以影响肠道微生物群的组成（这与健康益处独立相关），而肠道细菌会将多酚代谢成具有临床益处的生物活性化合物。另一个关键的相互作用是多酚与其他植物化学物质的相互作用，这可能与解释作为纯化提取物、全食物或全食物提取物检测的多酚的健康参数效应有关。
