APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Mar;49(5):506-515. doi: 10.1111/apt.15129.
Explanations for the health benefits of dietary fibre have, in the past, been inconsistent and studies of the physiological effects of dietary fibre were, perhaps, directed at the wrong read-outs. Confounding factors included a failure to appreciate the molecular diversity and varied properties of fibre-types and the role of fibre as a substrate for microbial metabolism in the gut.
To present a modern perspective on fibre science and to encourage clinicians to re-consider the health impact of dietary fibre and how best to approach adjustments in dietary consumption.
This perspective is drawn selectively from recent microbiome science; no attempt was made to perform an exhaustive review of all articles related to every aspect of dietary fibre.
Advances in microbiome science have revealed not only the functional impact of dietary fibre on the composition and function of the microbiota but have also demonstrated the physiologic responses to microbial-derived metabolites from fibre digestion. Moreover, studies have shown the personalised nature of host responses to dietary fibre intervention, with outcomes being dependent on individual pre-treatment gut ecology.
The physical properties of dietary fibres are important for homeostasis within the gut, but the predominant health benefits extend beyond the gut to enhanced metabolic welfare, including protection against obesity and related metabolic diseases. Fibre is a form of functional food joining a growing list of examples of diet-microbe-host interactions which link microbe-host metabolic and immune cascades.
过去，膳食纤维对健康有益的解释一直不一致，而且膳食纤维的生理效应研究可能针对的是错误的检测结果。混杂因素包括未能认识到纤维类型的分子多样性和不同特性，以及纤维作为肠道微生物代谢底物的作用。
呈现纤维科学的现代视角，并鼓励临床医生重新考虑膳食纤维的健康影响，以及如何最好地调整饮食摄入。
本观点从最近的微生物组科学中选择性地提取；没有试图对所有与膳食纤维的各个方面相关的文章进行详尽的回顾。
微生物组科学的进展不仅揭示了膳食纤维对微生物群落的组成和功能的功能影响，还证明了对纤维消化产生的微生物衍生代谢物的生理反应。此外，研究表明宿主对膳食纤维干预的反应具有个性化特征，结果取决于个体治疗前的肠道生态。
膳食纤维的物理特性对肠道内的内稳态很重要，但主要的健康益处不仅限于肠道，还包括增强代谢健康，包括预防肥胖和相关代谢疾病。纤维是功能性食品的一种形式，加入了越来越多的饮食-微生物-宿主相互作用的例子，这些例子将微生物-宿主代谢和免疫级联联系起来。
