Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2019 Feb 12;21(2):17. doi: 10.1007/s11906-019-0918-y.
Do dietary fats lower blood pressure? This review covers total fats, individual fatty acids and foods that provide specific fats.
Evidence for blood pressure lowering is stronger for supplements providing individual marine fatty acids than for fish intake since data on fish consumption are scarce. Such effects are more readily apparent in hypertensive than normal subjects. Biological mechanisms to support linkage between dietary fish oils and blood pressure are plausible. Information on other dietary fatty acids (saturates, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid) is mostly less robust and therefore inconclusive. However, findings with respect to consumption of dairy foods especially of the low-fat variety do suggest association with lower blood pressures. Apart from marine fatty acids which have mostly been significantly associated with clinically modest blood pressure-lowering, the effects of other dietary fatty acids are inconsistent or clinically minor. Consumption of dairy especially of yoghurt has been linked with lower blood pressure despite the relatively high saturated fat content but the mechanism is unclear.
膳食脂肪是否会降低血压？本文综述了总脂肪、单一脂肪酸和提供特定脂肪的食物。
提供单一海洋脂肪酸的补充剂比鱼类摄入更能降低血压的证据更强，因为关于鱼类消费的数据很少。这种影响在高血压患者中比在正常人群中更为明显。支持膳食鱼油与血压之间联系的生物学机制是合理的。关于其他膳食脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸）的信息大多不太可靠，因此没有定论。然而，关于乳制品（特别是低脂乳制品）消费的信息表明，其与较低的血压有关。除了与临床适度降低血压显著相关的海洋脂肪酸外，其他膳食脂肪酸的作用不一致或临床作用较小。尽管乳制品（尤其是酸奶）的饱和脂肪含量相对较高，但与较低的血压有关，其机制尚不清楚。
