Metcalfe Jenni
Australian National University, Australia; Econnect Communication, Australia.
Public Underst Sci. 2019 May;28(4):382-400. doi: 10.1177/0963662518821022. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
Scholars have variously described different models of science communication over the past 20 years. However, there has been little assessment of theorised models against science communication practice. This article compares 515 science engagement activities recorded in a 2012 Australian audit against the theorised characteristics of the three dominant models of deficit, dialogue and participation. Most engagement activities had objectives that reflected a mix of deficit and dialogue activities. Despite increases in scientific controversies like climate change, there appears to be a paucity of participatory activities in Australia. Those that do exist are mostly about people being involved with science through activities like citizen science. These participatory activities appear to coexist with and perhaps even depend on deficit activities. Science communication scholars could develop their models by examining the full range of objectives for engagement found in practice and by recognising that any engagement will likely include a mix of approaches.
在过去20年里，学者们对科学传播的不同模式进行了各种各样的描述。然而，针对科学传播实践对理论化模式进行的评估却很少。本文将2012年澳大利亚一项审计中记录的515项科学参与活动，与三种主要模式——缺失模式、对话模式和参与模式——的理论特征进行了比较。大多数参与活动的目标反映了缺失模式和对话模式活动的混合。尽管像气候变化这样的科学争议有所增加，但澳大利亚的参与式活动似乎很少。确实存在的那些活动大多是关于人们通过公民科学等活动参与科学。这些参与式活动似乎与缺失模式活动共存，甚至可能依赖于缺失模式活动。科学传播学者可以通过审视实践中发现的参与活动的全部目标，并认识到任何参与活动都可能包含多种方法的混合，来发展他们的模式。
