1 Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania.
2 Operations, Information and Decisions Department, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2018 Dec;19(3):102-129. doi: 10.1177/1529100618821893.
Almost everyone struggles to act in their individual and collective best interests, particularly when doing so requires forgoing a more immediately enjoyable alternative. Other than exhorting decision makers to "do the right thing," what can policymakers do to reduce overeating, undersaving, procrastination, and other self-defeating behaviors that feel good now but generate larger delayed costs? In this review, we synthesize contemporary research on approaches to reducing failures of self-control. We distinguish between self-deployed and other-deployed strategies and, in addition, between situational and cognitive intervention targets. Collectively, the evidence from both psychological science and economics recommends psychologically informed policies for reducing failures of self-control.
几乎每个人都难以按照个人和集体的最佳利益行事，尤其是在需要放弃更即时享受的选择时。除了劝告决策者“做正确的事”之外，政策制定者还能做些什么来减少暴饮暴食、储蓄不足、拖延以及其他即时感觉良好但会产生更大延迟成本的自我挫败行为？在这篇综述中，我们综合了当代关于减少自我控制失败方法的研究。我们区分了自我部署和他人部署的策略，并且，还区分了情境和认知干预目标。总的来说，来自心理学和经济学的证据都建议采取有心理学依据的政策来减少自我控制失败。
