El-Sayed Amr, Awad Walid
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Int J Vet Sci Med. 2018 Mar 21;6(Suppl):S31-S35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.01.008. eCollection 2018.
Brucellosis is a serious infectious disease which causes great direct and indirect economic loses for animal holders worldwide such as the reduction of milk and meat production through abortions/culling of positive reactors, the expense of disease control/eradication and farmers compensation. Although the disease was eradicated from most of the industrial countries, it remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases in developing countries being responsible for more than 500,000 new cases yearly. Brucella is considered to be a bioterrorism organism due to its low infectious doses (10-100 bacteria), capability of persistence in the environment, rapid transmission via different routes including aerosols, and finally due to its difficult treatment by antibiotics.There are many reasons to believe that a new comeback of brucellosis may occur in near future. This expectation is supported by the recent discovery of new atypical Brucella species with new genetic properties and the recent reports of (man to man) disease transmission as will be discussed later. The development of new concepts and measurements for disease control is urgently required. In the present review, the evolution of Brucella and the different factors favoring its comeback are discussed.
布鲁氏菌病是一种严重的传染病，给全球的动物养殖者造成了巨大的直接和间接经济损失，例如通过对阳性反应动物进行流产/扑杀导致牛奶和肉类产量减少、疾病控制/根除的费用以及对农民的补偿。尽管这种疾病在大多数工业化国家已被根除，但在发展中国家，它仍然是最常见的人畜共患病之一，每年导致超过50万新病例。布鲁氏菌因其低感染剂量（10 - 100个细菌）、在环境中的持久能力、通过包括气溶胶在内的不同途径快速传播，以及最终因其对抗生素治疗困难，而被视为一种生物恐怖主义病原体。有许多理由相信布鲁氏菌病可能在不久的将来再次出现。这一预期得到了最近发现具有新遗传特性的非典型布鲁氏菌新物种以及最近关于（人传人）疾病传播报告的支持，稍后将对此进行讨论。迫切需要开发新的疾病控制概念和措施。在本综述中，将讨论布鲁氏菌的演变以及有利于其再次出现的不同因素。
