Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2019 Jul;61(7):817-835. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12790. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
Plant peroxisomes are unique subcellular organelles which play an indispensable role in several key metabolic pathways, including fatty acid β-oxidation, photorespiration, and degradation of reactive oxygen species. The compartmentalization of metabolic pathways into peroxisomes is a strategy for organizing the metabolic network and improving pathway efficiency. An important prerequisite, however, is the exchange of metabolites between peroxisomes and other cell compartments. Since the first studies in the 1970s scientists contributed to understanding how solutes enter or leave this organelle. This review gives an overview about our current knowledge of the solute permeability of peroxisomal membranes described in plants, yeast, mammals and other eukaryotes. In general, peroxisomes contain in their bilayer membrane specific transporters for hydrophobic fatty acids (ABC transporter) and large cofactor molecules (carrier for ATP, NAD and CoA). Smaller solutes with molecular masses below 300-400 Da, like the organic acids malate, oxaloacetate, and 2-oxoglutarate, are shuttled via non-selective channels across the peroxisomal membrane. In comparison to yeast, human, mammals and other eukaryotes, the function of these known peroxisomal transporters and channels in plants are discussed in this review.
植物过氧化物酶体是独特的亚细胞细胞器，在几种关键代谢途径中发挥着不可或缺的作用，包括脂肪酸β-氧化、光呼吸和活性氧物质的降解。将代谢途径分隔到过氧化物酶体中是组织代谢网络和提高途径效率的一种策略。然而，一个重要的前提条件是过氧化物酶体和其他细胞区室之间代谢物的交换。自 20 世纪 70 年代的第一项研究以来，科学家们一直在努力了解溶质如何进入或离开这个细胞器。本综述概述了我们目前对植物、酵母、哺乳动物和其他真核生物过氧化物酶体膜中溶质通透性的了解。一般来说，过氧化物酶体双层膜中含有特定的疏水性脂肪酸（ABC 转运蛋白）和大辅因子分子（ATP、NAD 和 CoA 的载体）的转运蛋白。分子质量在 300-400 Da 以下的较小溶质，如苹果酸、草酰乙酸和 2-氧戊二酸，通过非选择性通道穿梭穿过过氧化物酶体膜。与酵母、人类、哺乳动物和其他真核生物相比，本综述讨论了这些已知的过氧化物酶体转运蛋白和通道在植物中的功能。
