Zhang Zijie, Liu Juewen
Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Small. 2019 Jun;15(26):e1805246. doi: 10.1002/smll.201805246. Epub 2019 Feb 13.
Molecular imprinting refers to templated polymerization with rationally designed monomers, and this is a general method to prepare stable and cost-effective ligands. This attractive concept however suffers from low affinity, low specificity, and limited signaling mechanisms for binding. Acrydite-modified DNA oligonucleotides can be readily copolymerized into acrylic polymers. With molecular recognition and catalytic functions, such functional DNAs are recently shown to enhance the performance of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in a few ways. First, DNA aptamers are used as macromonomers to enhance binding affinity and specificity of MIPs. Second, DNA can help produce optical signals to follow binding events. Third, imprinting can also improve the performance of catalytic DNA by enhancing its activity and specificity toward the template substrate. Finally, MIP is shown to help aptamer selection. Bulk imprinting, nanoparticle imprinting, and surface imprinting are all demonstrated with DNA. Since both DNA and synthetic polymers are cost effective and stable, their hybrid materials still possess such properties while enhancing the function of each component. This review covers recent developments on the abovementioned aspects of DNA-containing MIPs, a field just emerged in the last five years, and future research directions are discussed toward the end.
分子印迹是指使用合理设计的单体进行模板聚合，这是一种制备稳定且经济高效的配体的通用方法。然而，这个有吸引力的概念存在亲和力低、特异性差以及结合的信号传导机制有限等问题。丙烯酰胺修饰的DNA寡核苷酸可以很容易地与丙烯酸聚合物共聚。由于具有分子识别和催化功能，这种功能性DNA最近被证明可以从几个方面提高分子印迹聚合物（MIP）的性能。首先，DNA适体被用作大分子单体来提高MIP的结合亲和力和特异性。其次，DNA可以帮助产生光学信号以跟踪结合事件。第三，印迹还可以通过增强催化性DNA对模板底物的活性和特异性来提高其性能。最后，MIP被证明有助于适体的筛选。利用DNA展示了本体印迹、纳米颗粒印迹和表面印迹。由于DNA和合成聚合物都具有成本效益且稳定，它们的杂化材料在增强各组分功能的同时仍保留这些特性。本综述涵盖了含DNA的MIPs上述方面的最新进展，这是一个在过去五年中刚刚兴起的领域，并在结尾讨论了未来的研究方向。
