Rehman Abdur, Ullah Rizwan, Uddin Imran, Zia Iram, Rehman Lubna, Abidi S M A
Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Exp Parasitol. 2019 Mar;198:95-104. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.02.005. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
In order to ensure global food security a rationale approach is required to control all those factors which directly or indirectly affect the food productivity. The neglected helminthic diseases alone are responsible for huge economic losses to the agrarian stakeholders. The problem is further compounded by the emerging drug resistance in flukes against the commonly used anthelmintics like triclabendazole. Therefore, the search for alternatives including the nano-based approaches has become a necessity to develop future control strategies. In the present study the effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated on an economically important amphistome parasite, Gigantocotyle explanatum, obtained from the infected liver of the Indian water buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis. In vitro treatment of the adult worms with different doses of AgNPs severely affected the worm motility and caused ROS mediated damages in the treated flukes. The antioxidant system and the detoxification ability of the worms appeared to be disrupted along with pronounced DNA damage in the treated worms as compared to the controls. Following the treatment of worms with different concentrations of AgNPs there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels which are the key oxidative stress markers. The tegumental surface which is metabolically active, was severely damaged as evident from the loss of papillae, severe blebbing, shearing and erosion of the surface structures. Such topographical disruptions would facilitate the penetration of the nanoparticles deep within the tissues that might greatly reduce the invasive potential of the flukes as evident from the decreased motility. Taken together our findings suggest that the AgNPs posses great anthelmintic potential and could be further exploited for the development of anthelmintic formulations which may be tested in vivo.
为确保全球粮食安全，需要采取合理的方法来控制所有直接或间接影响粮食生产力的因素。仅被忽视的蠕虫病就给农业利益相关者造成了巨大的经济损失。吸虫对常用驱虫药如三氯苯达唑产生的新出现的耐药性使问题更加复杂。因此，寻找包括基于纳米的方法在内的替代方法已成为制定未来控制策略的必要之举。在本研究中，对从印度水牛（Bubalus bubalis）受感染肝脏中获得的一种具有重要经济意义的双口吸虫寄生虫——巨盘吸虫（Gigantocotyle explanatum），研究了生物合成银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的作用。用不同剂量的AgNPs对成虫进行体外处理，严重影响了虫体运动，并在处理过的吸虫中引起活性氧介导的损伤。与对照组相比，处理过的蠕虫的抗氧化系统和解毒能力似乎受到破坏，同时伴有明显的DNA损伤。用不同浓度的AgNPs处理蠕虫后，作为关键氧化应激标志物的脂质过氧化和蛋白质羰基化水平显著（p < 0.05）升高。代谢活跃的体表受到严重破坏，从乳头的丧失、严重的起泡、表面结构的剪切和侵蚀可以明显看出。这种地形破坏将促进纳米颗粒深入组织内部，这可能会大大降低吸虫的侵袭潜力，从运动能力下降可以明显看出。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，AgNPs具有很大的驱虫潜力，可进一步用于开发可在体内进行测试的驱虫制剂。
