Mohsen Arbabi, Monireh Esmaili, Hossein Hooshyar, Mahdi Delavari, Ali Sobhani Nasab, Majid Nejati
Department of Parasitology, Mycology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 May;11(3):e70357. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70357.
Fascioliasis is a common hepatic parasitic disease that is caused by Fasciola, resulting in significant economic losses by reducing production and consigning viscera in animals. Currently, there is little research regarding the impact of chemical compounds on the ultrastructure and motility of adult F. hepatica. The present study aims to assess the effect of Vanadate erbium/silver oxide (ErVO/AgO) and Vanadate iron/silver oxide (FeVO/AgO) nanoparticles against liver fluke F. hepatica, in vitro assay. Fasciola hepatica adult worms were collected from the livers and gallbladders of sheep and goats centrality of Iran. One hundred fresh worms were incubated with each nanoparticle concentration of 4.5-6 mg/mL FeVO/AgO and ErVO/AgO (test, groups) in comparison to triclabendazole 5-20 µg/mL (positive control) and RPMI media culture (negative control) after 12 and 24 hours of treatment. To ensure the reliability of the data, the tests on the sample were performed twice. The effectiveness of these compounds was evaluated by examining parasite movement, reaction to vital stain and changes in the tegument through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using Fisher statistical tests and logistic regression. Analysis of variance was performed to compare Kaplan-Meier and Cox groups and models to analyse parasite survival. In addition, the anthelmintic efficacy was measured as the mortality rate based on the number of live and dead worms. The mortality ratios show that the anthelmintic activities of the compounds highly relied on time and concentration, as time and concentration increased, increasing the mortality rate. Lethal concentration 50 (LC) of FeVO/AgO and ErVO/AgO are 4, 4.7 and 5 mg/mL at 24 h, respectively. FeVO/AgO showed more lethal effects on F. hepatica than on ErVO/AgO and triclabendazole. SEM analysis of treated F. hepatica by both nanoparticles at a concentration of 6 mg/mL showed that the tegument surface of fasciola is swollen in some parts, the pores on the tegument surface are completely visible, the sensory papillae are lost, the tegument is severely damaged and the prominent network structure and its vesicles have completely disappeared. F. hepatica is more susceptible to the lethal effects of FeVO/AgO and ErVO/AgO nanoparticles. The effectiveness of these compounds depends on the concentration and time of the drug's effect, in such a way that the effectiveness increases with the increase in concentration and time.
肝片吸虫病是一种常见的肝脏寄生虫病，由肝片吸虫引起，通过降低动物的产量和废弃内脏导致重大经济损失。目前，关于化合物对成年肝片吸虫超微结构和运动性影响的研究较少。本研究旨在通过体外试验评估钒酸铒/氧化银（ErVO/AgO）和钒酸铁/氧化银（FeVO/AgO）纳米颗粒对肝片吸虫的作用。从伊朗中部绵羊和山羊的肝脏和胆囊中收集肝片吸虫成虫。将100条新鲜虫体分别与浓度为4.5 - 6 mg/mL的FeVO/AgO和ErVO/AgO纳米颗粒（试验组）一起孵育，与5 - 20 μg/mL三氯苯达唑（阳性对照）和RPMI培养基培养（阴性对照）相比，处理12小时和24小时后进行观察。为确保数据的可靠性，对样本进行了两次测试。通过观察寄生虫运动、对活体染色的反应以及使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察体表变化，采用Fisher统计检验和逻辑回归来评估这些化合物的有效性。进行方差分析以比较Kaplan - Meier和Cox组及模型，分析寄生虫的存活情况。此外，根据活虫和死虫数量计算死亡率来衡量驱虫效果。死亡率表明化合物的驱虫活性高度依赖时间和浓度，随着时间和浓度的增加，死亡率上升。在24小时时，FeVO/AgO和ErVO/AgO的半数致死浓度（LC50）分别为4、4.7和5 mg/mL。FeVO/AgO对肝片吸虫的致死作用比ErVO/AgO和三氯苯达唑更强。在浓度为6 mg/mL时，两种纳米颗粒处理后的肝片吸虫的SEM分析表明，肝片吸虫体表部分肿胀，体表孔隙完全可见，感觉乳头消失，体表严重受损，突出的网络结构及其小泡完全消失。肝片吸虫对FeVO/AgO和ErVO/AgO纳米颗粒的致死作用更敏感。这些化合物的有效性取决于药物作用的浓度和时间，有效性随浓度和时间的增加而增加。
