Khan Faiz A, Swarnkar Chander P, Soni Lalit K, Sharma Sita R
Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikangar, 304501 Rajasthan India.
Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikangar, 304501 Rajasthan India.
J Parasit Dis. 2024 Jun;48(2):257-268. doi: 10.1007/s12639-024-01660-8. Epub 2024 May 7.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of crude aqueous, methanol, ethanol, hydro alcohol and acetone extracts of leaves against eggs and larvae. Phytochemical analysis to identify the number of compounds in extracts was done by chemical tests and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrophotometer detector (GC-MS). First off all the effectiveness of dried plant materials was evaluated on larval development by mixing powdered material (no nano particles) to faecal cultures from donor sheep. Adding powder to the faecal culture resulted into 100% inhibition in larval development at 200 and 300 mg/g of faeces. The anthelmintic activity was assessed using the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval mortality assay (LMA). Comparison of mean inhibition percentage of egg embryonation, mean inhibition percentage of egg hatching and mean percentage of larval mortality at different concentrations with control was performed by one-way ANOVA. The means were compared for statistical significance using DMRT at < 0.05. For both the assays, 50% inhibitory concentration (IC) and lethal concentration (LC) were calculated by probit analysis. Chemical test revealed presence of high concentration of saponin and flavoinoids and moderate concentration of total phenols in leaves. The antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity, RSA %) measured was 35.47%. On GC-MS, the methanolic leaves extract revealed 30 phyto-compounds. On EHA, there was marked effect on inhibition of egg hatching by aqueous, hydro alcohol and acetone extracts. On LMA all the five extracts showed excellent larvicidal activity. leaves methanol extract mediated silver nanoparticles were found very effective at much lower concentrations as compared to crude methanol extract. The results indicated that the leaves crude extracts possessed excellent in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal properties against which needs more investigation, especially in vivo trials for the control of parasite.
本研究的目的是评估叶片的粗水提取物、甲醇提取物、乙醇提取物、水醇提取物和丙酮提取物对虫卵和幼虫的体外驱虫效果。通过化学试验以及气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对提取物中的化合物数量进行植物化学分析。首先，通过将粉末状材料（无纳米颗粒）与供体绵羊的粪便培养物混合，评估干燥植物材料对幼虫发育的有效性。向粪便培养物中添加粉末后，在粪便浓度为200和300 mg/g时，幼虫发育受到100%抑制。使用虫卵孵化试验（EHA）和幼虫死亡率试验（LMA）评估驱虫活性。通过单因素方差分析比较不同浓度下虫卵胚胎发育的平均抑制率、虫卵孵化的平均抑制率和幼虫死亡率的平均百分比与对照组的差异。使用DMRT在<0.05时比较均值的统计学显著性。对于这两种试验，通过概率分析计算50%抑制浓度（IC）和致死浓度（LC）。化学试验表明叶片中存在高浓度的皂苷和黄酮类化合物以及中等浓度的总酚。测得的抗氧化活性（自由基清除活性，RSA%）为35.47%。在GC-MS上，甲醇叶提取物显示出30种植物化合物。在EHA中，水提取物（水醇提取物）和丙酮提取物对虫卵孵化的抑制作用显著。在LMA中，所有五种提取物均表现出优异的杀幼虫活性。与粗甲醇提取物相比，发现叶甲醇提取物介导的银纳米颗粒在低得多的浓度下非常有效。结果表明，叶粗提取物对[寄生虫名称未给出]具有优异的体外杀卵和杀幼虫特性，这需要更多的研究，特别是在体内试验中用于控制寄生虫。
